人們對於能源問題的關注持續增加。許多國家對於替代能源的需求也變得越來越重要。熱電（TE）是一種友好、可靠且可持續的能源技術。這項技術可應用於許多不同的領域，包括航空航天、工業餘熱回收、石油化工等。本研究主要對熱電發電系統進行探討，內容可分為兩部分。第一部分為使用計算流體力學分析低溫餘熱熱電系統搭配板式鰭片;第二部分是透過演化計算設計分段熱電發電器。
在第一部分中，研究了熱電系統用以回收工業低溫餘熱來進行發電。餘熱的主要來源考慮為低溫餘熱水。本研究還模擬了餘熱空氣來比較不同工作流體對熱電發電的影響。在工業中低溫餘熱具有研究潛力，因為其佔了工業餘熱總量的60 ％。在這項研究中，熱電模塊嵌入在餘熱管道中。為了解熱電模組的功率輸出性能，研究開發並完成了考慮熱電效應的三維流體力學數值模擬。冷卻方法設定了兩種，風冷和水冷系統。為了解熱電模組溫度分佈，使用分區結構進行分析。沒有分區的熱電模組與八個分區的輸出功率比較皆為相同的0.066 W。因此，簡化分割的熱電模組可用作仿真的基礎。另外，確定了諸如流體速度（Re=10、100和1,000）、流體溫度（=353.15 K）和傳熱等操作條件的影響。這項研究後續模擬了九片板式鰭片，並比較了分別在Re =10、100和1,000時的每個熱電性能。此外，本研究更深入探討從三到二十七片鰭片對於熱電系統的影響。在Re =10、100和1000時，最佳鰭片數量在二十一到二十七片之間。結果表明，當Re =1,000時有二十七片鰭片時，最大總輸出功率和效率為0.411 W和0.95 ％。將熱電模組的最大總發電量和平均轉換效率與無鰭情況進行了比較。性能分別提高了105.5 ％和43.94 ％。結果，具有合適的板式鰭片結構的低溫餘熱回收系統是增強熱電性能的有前途的方法。
第二部分研究主要目的集中在分段熱電發電器系統的設計上，使最佳系統幾何可以最大化輸出功率。含9.1 ％ In0.4Co4Sb12的Skutterudite（Sr, Ba, Yb）yCo4Sb12被用作n型元素，而DD0.59Fe2.7Co1.3Sb11.8Sn0.2被用作p型元素。以上所述熱電材料被選用作熱端分段。水熱合成納米結構的熱電材料（Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3）及Bi-Te基熱電材料(Bi2Te3−xSex)作為冷端分段熱電材料。為了達到最優設計，本研究開發了一種數值方法並且同時採用了多目標遺傳算法進行優化設計。在尋找分段的最佳組合期間的計算過程被可視化作圖，並且發現四代足以達到目標。在分段半導體高度總長為3 mm時，最佳的n型和p型冷端段長度分別為0.37 mm和0.92 mm。與等分段的熱電發電器相比，在400 K的溫差下優化的分段模型可以增加15.15 ％的輸出功率，其效率為13.19 ％，所得的數據遠高於常規熱電發電器。另外，在模擬過程中阻抗匹配理論考慮於分段式熱電發電器會有誤差的出現。一對中的熱通量分佈取決於溫度差。總體而言，具有演化計算設計分段的熱電發電器是增強熱電發電器性能中有前途的工具。

In recent years, concerns on energy issues have increased significantly. The need for alternative energy sources is important for many countries. Thermoelectricity (TE) is a friendly, reliable, and sustainable energy resource. This technology could be applied in many fields, including aerospace, industrial waste heat recovery, petrochemical, etc. This study mainly discusses the thermoelectric power generation system, and the content can be divided into two parts. The first part is the use of computational fluid dynamics to analyze the low-temperature waste heat and power system with plate fins; the second part is to design the geometry of the segmented thermoelectric generator through evolutionary calculations.
In the first part, this study examines the use of thermoelectric systems to recover the industrial waste heat for power generation. The main source of this waste heat is the low-temperature wastewater. The exhaust gas is simulated to compare the effects of working fluids on the thermoelectric power generation. Low-temperature waste heat has great potential because it accounts for 60 % of total industrial waste heat. In this study, thermoelectric modules (TEMs) are installed in a waste heat channel. To evaluate the power output performance of the TEMs, a three-dimensional numerical simulation that is based on thermoelectric effects is developed and ran. Air-cooling and water-cooling are considered. To understand the TEM temperature distribution, no partitioned structure is used for the analysis. No partitioned TEM has the same output power 0.066 W with eight partitions. Therefore, no partitioned TEM can be simplified as a basis for simulation. The effects of the operating conditions, such as fluid velocity (Re=10, 100, and 1,000), fluid temperature (=353.15 K), and heat transfer are determined. A simulation that involves nine fins is run to compare thermoelectric performances at Re=10, 100, and 1,000. The effect of the number of fins from three to twenty-seven is determined in detail. The optimal number of fins is in the range of twenty-one to twenty-seven at Re=10, 100, and 1000. The maximum total output power and conversion efficiency are 0.411 W and 0.95 % with twenty-seven fins at Re=1,000. The maximum total power generation and mean conversion efficiency of the TEMs are compared with no fin’s cases. The performance increases 105.5 % and 43.94 % higher, respectively, than without fins. As a result, low-temperature waste heat recovery system with an appropriate fin structure has potential for improving thermoelectric performance.
The purpose of second part study focuses on the design of a segmented thermoelectric generator system to maximize the system output power. Skutterudite, (Sr, Ba, Yb)yCo4Sb12 with 9.1 % In0.4Co4Sb12, is used as the n-type element, while DD0.59Fe2.7Co1.3Sb11.8Sn0.2 is used as the p-type one. They both are employed as the hot side segments. Alternatively, hydrothermal synthesized nanostructure thermoelectric material (Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3) and the Bi–Te thermoelectric material (Bi2Te3−xSex) are chosen as the cold side segments. To achieve the optimum design, a numerical method is developed, while the multi-objective genetic algorithm is adopted. The evolutionary computation processes during seeking the optimum combination of the segments are visualized, and it is found that four generations are enough for reaching the target. With the leg length of 3 mm, the optimum n-type and p-type cold side segment lengths are 0.37 mm and 0.92 mm, respectively. Compared to the equal-segmented thermoelectric couple, the optimized couple at a temperature difference of 400 K can increase the output power by 15.15 % and its efficiency is 13.19 % which is much higher than conventional thermoelectric generators. The theory of impedance matching does not apply to the segmented thermoelectric generator. The heat flux distribution in the couple is dependent on the temperature difference. Overall, the segmented elements with evolutionary computation design is a promising tool for intensifying thermoelectric generator performance.

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