全球因著工業發展以及人口成長，水資源的需求相對增加，同時，對於水資源的保護也日漸重要。因此，多數的工業或民生廢水在排放至承受水體之前，都會經過一系列的處理。隨著全球能源日漸短缺，廢水處理程序中，使用低耗能之處理程序的意識也逐漸備受重視。若以生物處理方式的觀點來看，厭氧處理程序相對較好氧處理程序節省能源，同時在厭氧處理程序中，同時能夠產生可作為能源之氣體(Biogas)，但因著傳統厭氧消化程序需要較長的時間，且有出流水水質不佳的可能，許多研究與改善方法相繼被提出。其中，厭氧流體化薄膜生物反應器(AFMBR)在厭氧情況下，結合薄膜與流體化，使流體化之單體控制薄膜阻塞之問題。本研究係探討厭氧流體化薄膜生物反應器處理煉鋼所產生之冷軋廢水效能，包含化學需氧量(COD)、總有機碳(TOC)與甲烷生成，並利用厭氧批次實驗與分子生物技術作為模槽參考。
批次實驗分為粒狀活性碳吸附實驗與厭氧產甲烷實驗。粒狀活性碳吸附批次實驗結果顯示，每1 g粒狀活性碳能夠吸附6.7 mg-TOC。厭氧產甲烷實驗結果顯示，在第一次植種後所取出之活性碳與汙泥無法利用廢水產生甲烷，其產生氣體以二氧化碳為主，若用1 g/L之葡萄糖，會生成氫氣，但甲烷產生情況皆不佳。在第二次植種後所取出之活性碳與汙泥能夠利用廢水與葡萄糖產生甲烷，且活性碳在產生甲烷效能比離心汙泥佳。若使用批次推估反應槽活性碳微生物與汙泥微生物的貢獻量則可以得知，不論COD去除或是甲烷產生表現上，在活性碳上微生物均有較高的貢獻。除此之外，由批次COD去除的情況配合活性碳吸附實驗也可得知，在批次進行的第一天內主要以活性碳吸附為主，活性碳會在5小時內快速吸附水中物質，使COD濃度下降，之後才由附著在活性碳上微生物慢慢分解水中物質，產生甲烷。
反應模槽共操作302天，共分為三個時期，分別為0-155第二次植種前、155-218 第二次植種後，以及218-302穩定期。在第一時期模槽沒有甲烷產生，其產生之二氧化碳因進流水高pH值而溶於水中，並且從出流水排出。而第二時期因著薄膜壓力與汙泥濃度的控制較為不穩定。在穩定期COD與TOC進流濃度為870 mg/L與159 mg-C/L，且去除效率分別為90%與91%，操作之HRT為2.3天。氣體產率部分，由濕式流量計結合TCD分析，每天約可產生14 L氣體，其中包含10 L甲烷與4 L二氧化碳。在第三時期OLR為0.38 kg COD/m3/d，且甲烷產率與甲烷回收率為0.064 L CH4/g CODremoved及16.8%.
而在分子生物技術分析(t-RFLP)的結果中，AFMBR內活性碳與汙泥有不同的甲烷菌群組成比例。不論在第二次植種前或後，methanosaeta在活性碳上佔大多數，但在第二次植種後有出現其他像是methanomethylovorans等菌群。然而在汙泥中，第一階段到第三階段微生物族群改變較大，隨著methanosaeta的增加methnomethylovorans 與methanosarcina 相對減少趨勢。

With the increasing concern of water protection, wastewater treatment of industrial or domestic is more and more important. Nowadays, the treatment technology is efficient enough. Additionally, due to more attention on energy restricted and global warming, treatment process which saves more energy or even creates energy is proposed to replace the traditional process. In wastewater treatment aspect, anaerobic fluidized membrane bioreactor (AFMBR) has been proposed to treat domestic wastewater. However, AFMBR utilized in industrial wastewater has not been understood completely. In this study, an AFMBR pilot treating steeling making cold-rolling wastewater was investigated. Also, several batch tests and molecular biotechnology were seen as comparison of the pilot.
There were three periods for AFMBR operation. The first period is from day 0 to day 155 before second time inoculation. The second period is from day 155 to 218 with MLSS control. The last period is steady operation after 218 day.
The adsorption effect of granular activated carbon (GAC) on cold-rolling wastewater indicated that 6.7 mg-TOC could be adsorbed by 1 g of GAC, and the GAC in pilot would be saturated in 16 days. The bio-methane potential (BMP) batch test and result of gas production for AFMBR pilot both showed that methane wasn’t produced before second time inoculation but detectable methane appeared after second time inoculation. Besides, the batch results also showed that the performance of GAC in producing methane and COD removal is better than the performance of sludge. However, decrease of COD concentration in the beginning is caused by GAC adsorption rather than microorganism degradation. The COD and TOC removal efficiency of AFMBR pilot are 90% and 91% when HRT of pilot is 2.3 days. OLR of pilot is 0.38 kg COD/m3/d. Methane yield of AFMBR pilot is 0.064 L CH4/g CODremoved with 16.8% methane recovery efficiency. Average 10 L of methane and 4 L of CO2 can be produced from AFMBR pilot per day. The MLSS and MLVSS concentration in AFMBR pilot might affect transmembrane pressure (TMP). Thus, MLSS concentration should be lower than 1500 mg/L in order to maintain TMP. The t-RFLP results of GAC and sludge are different. For GAC, methanosaeta is majority no matter before or after second time inoculation. Besides, other methanogens appeared after second time inoculation such as methanosarcina and methanomethylovorans. For sludge after second time inoculation, ratio of methanomethylovorans and methanosarcina decreased with increase ratio of methanosaeta. However, ratio of methanosaeta started to decrease with ratio of other methanogens and unknown increase.

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