背景：新興傳染病對全球公共衛生構成重大挑戰，長期照護機構因資源有限及住民本身的脆弱性，成為疫情期間特別容易受到影響且面臨更大威脅的場域。而近期的新冠併發重症疫情，也揭示了長照機構在防疫準備與應對方面的不足。
研究目的：探討長期照護機構健康照護人員在新興傳染病防治中的貢獻，並發展及驗證一份勝任力評估工具，再透過全國性調查確認影響其勝任力的關鍵因素，並分析防治新興傳染病的挑戰與未來展望，進而提出針對長照機構新興傳染病防治的政策建議。
研究設計：採收斂型混合研究設計，結合範域文獻回顧、工具發展、量性調查、質性訪談及觀點文章共五項研究。
方法：第一項研究透過範域文獻回顧，釐清長期照護機構健康照護人員在感染防治中的角色、責任與機構管理模式；第二項研究發展一份專為長照機構健康照護人員施測的勝任力評估工具，以促進更聚焦的培訓與政策研擬。第三及第四項研究分別以全國性調查與質性訪談，確認影響長照機構感染防治成效的關鍵預測因子、障礙與促進行因素；第五項研究綜整前四項研究成果，提出具體可行的政策建議，作為未來長照防疫策略之參考。
研究結果：第一項範域文獻回顧研究結果顯示，長照工作人員的角色功能隨時間而有所變化，並強調有效的防治新興傳染病，需有動員各層級工作人員的系統性努力。本研究歸納出五項核心勝任力，包括：對清潔與消毒工作的投入、敏銳的觀察力、專業素養、對突發情況的應變能力，以及對自身因應策略的信心。奠基於此結果，第二項研究旨在發展並驗證了27題的量表，涵蓋角色表現、職場資源與軟實力，此量表具良好的心理計量表現。後續第三研究透過本量表進行全國性問卷調查（n = 433），確定影響防疫勝任力的關鍵預測因子包括：工作使命感、主管支持程度、與機構文化契合度、工作滿意度，以及參與防疫演練的經驗。第四項質性研究訪談進一步則揭示制度性挑戰與潛在可行策略，凸顯第一線人員在情緒與工作執行上的雙重壓力，同時強調包容性訓練、模擬情境學習與適應性規劃對未來防疫準備之重要性。最終，本研究所提出的政策建言強調：在教育層面，推動適應性與模擬導向的訓練模式；在人力資源面向，投入具公平性與文化包容性的工作人力支持制度；在領導層面，擴大長照專業人員於公共衛生治理中的領導角色及其正式代表性；在服務提供面向，導入由護理人員主導、具實務即戰力的照護模式，以提升機構整體的防疫韌性。
結論：本系列研究凸顯長期照護工作者在防疫工作中角色的演變，以及建立一套全面性感染預防指引框架的急迫性。其中發展了一份具信效度的勝任力量表，對於實務培訓與政策調整具實際應用價值。全國性調查與訪談結果揭示制度層面的弱點，包括防疫準備不足與溝通障礙，同時也凸顯領導支持、包容性訓練與適應性策略在提升機構韌性中的關鍵作用。強化機構文化認同度與員工勝任力，對於提升韌性並確保全球長照機構防疫工作的有效性至關重要。進而呼應 2021–2025年全球護理與助產戰略方向，本研究主張應在教育、人力資源、護理領導與服務提供等面向進行整合性投資，將長期照護機構從脆弱場域轉型為公共衛生防疫準備的核心。
對專業與科學的啟示：本論文強調亟需推動國家層級的政策倡導，以強化長期照護機構面對新興傳染病持續威脅的韌性。研究成果提出一個具延展性及調適性的模式，供其他國家借鑑以強化其照護體系。並藉由研究與政策的結合，守護全球長照機構中最脆弱的族群。

Background: Emerging infectious diseases pose significant challenges to global public health, with long-term care institutions being particularly vulnerable due to resource limitations and the vulnerability of their residents. These institutions face heightened risks during outbreaks, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic has revealed critical gaps in their pandemic preparedness and response.
Aim: To explore the contributions of health and care workers in emerging infectious disease prevention in long-term care institutions, develop and validate a competency assessment instrument, identify key factors influencing these competencies through a national-level survey, and examine the challenges and future prospects of emerging infectious disease prevention, and ultimately propose policy recommendations tailored to infection prevention for long-term care institutions.
Design: A convergent parallel mixed-methods research design was adopted, with a scoping review, instrument development, quantitative survey, qualitative interview, and viewpoint article conducted across five studies.
Methods: In study one, a scoping review identified roles and responsibilities of health and care workers, as well as institution management models essential for effective infection prevention. Study two involved the development of a competency assessment instrument for frontline workers to facilitate targeted training and policy formulation. Studies three and four included a nationwide survey and qualitative interview, respectively, to identify key predictors, barriers and facilitators of infection prevention efficacy in long-term care institutions. Finally, study five synthesized the findings from the previous four studies to develop concrete and feasible policy recommendations, serving as a strategic reference for future infection prevention efforts in long-term care settings.
Results: The scoping review identified the evolving roles of health and care workers and emphasized that effective prevention of emerging infectious diseases requires a systematic effort that mobilizes workers at all levels. Five core competencies were identified: commitment to cleaning and disinfecting duties, keen observation, professional literacy, responsiveness to unforeseen situations, and confidence in coping strategies. Based on these findings, a 27-item scale was developed and validated, covering role performance, workplace resources, and soft skills, with strong psychometric properties. Using this instrument, a nationwide survey of 433 workers identified key predictors of pandemic prevention competency, including sense of purpose, perceived supervisor support, alignment with institutional culture, job satisfaction, and pandemic prevention drills. Qualitative interviews further revealed systemic challenges and promising practices, highlighting the emotional and operational strain on frontline workers, while underscoring importance of inclusive training, simulation-based learning, and adaptive planning for future pandemic preparedness. Finally, the policy recommendations emphasized adaptive and simulation-based training models in education, investment in equitable and culturally inclusive workforce support systems in the area of jobs, expanded leadership roles and representation for long-term care professionals in public health leadership and governance, and the implementation of nurse-led, practice-ready care models in service delivery to enhance institutional resilience.
Conclusion: This research series underscores the evolving roles of long-term care workers and the urgent need for a comprehensive framework to guide infection prevention. We developed a reliable and valid scale to assess essential competencies, offering practical value for training and policy adjustment. Findings from nationwide surveys and interviews reveal systemic vulnerabilities—such as poor preparedness and communication barriers—while highlighting the importance of leadership support, inclusive training, and adaptive strategies. Strengthening institutional culture and workforce capacity is critical for improving resilience and ensuring effective pandemic prevention in long-term care settings worldwide. Echoing the Global Strategic Directions for Nursing and Midwifery 2021-2025, this study advocates for integrated investments in education, workforce support, nursing leadership, and service delivery—transforming long-term care from a site of vulnerability into a foundation for public health preparedness.
Implications for the Profession and Science: This dissertation highlights the urgent need for national-level policy advocacy to enhance the resilience of long-term care institutions in the face of the persistent threat of emerging infectious diseases. The research has proposed a scalable and adaptable model that other countries can utilize to strengthen their healthcare systems. By bridging research and policy, it has contributed to global efforts in protecting vulnerable populations in long-term care settings.

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