傳統作業環境監測因需經常投注大量資源，及採樣過程耗時費力，實務上並無法滿足長期監測策略之需求。特別是因樣本數不足，致監測結果之可靠性降低等問題，亦大大降低了作業環境監測的實施效益。近年來，即時監測技術逐漸受到重視，物聯網、無線感測網路(WSN)為場域即時監測之新興工具。然而，過去關於感測器佈點數量與位置有效性之探討有限，即時監測技術應用於個人暴露監測之可行性仍有待開發。本研究利用低成本感測器於實場佈點，先藉由佈點分析方法進行感測點位之設置優化，然後再應用即時監測技術，針對暴露評估與微洩漏警示等兩大面向，進行實務應用探討。本研究選擇於示範場域環境(L×W=40 m×10 m) 部署43台氣體感測器，所得測定資料，透過佈點分析法進行感測器點位及數量之部署優化，並搭配Clough-Tocher內插方法獲得場域濃度之時空分佈。本研究結合勞工定位與場域濃度分佈之時序資料分析勞工暴露實態，進一步估算勞工之職業暴露量，採樣期間同步使用直讀式儀器進行比對量測，考量定位誤差所造成暴露推估之不確定性，根據現有室內定位技術之誤差指標：0.01m、0.1m、0.3m、0.5m、1m，對應佈點分析精確度指標：5%、10%、15%、20%、25%，計算暴露推估濃度之均方根誤差(Root Mean Square Error, RMSE)以執行評估。另一方面以定點感測器之長期監測資料分析微洩漏警示閾值，藉此評估在佈點分析精確度指標：5%、10%、15%、20%、25% 下，微洩漏事件預防之警示閾值訂定範圍，以達及早預警、捕獲微洩漏之目的。本研究分別在實驗室與現場以PID同步感測器進行平行比對測試，於暴露艙控制條件下，相關性分析之R2介於0.9776～0.9998 (其中R2在0.99以上者共有35台(佔81%)，R2在0.98以上者有42台(佔98%))，顯示感測器與PID之測值均呈現良好之相關性；現場測試則表明感測器存在系統誤差，於數據前處理時校正之。佈點分析結果顯示，在設定量測濃度精準度小於10%時，均無可移除點位(即需設置43點位)；在精準度為15%、20%與25%時，現場所需設置之點位數量(及可移除點位)分別為42點(1點)、41點(2點)及35點(8點)。即時監測技術應用於暴露推估之實場驗證結果顯示，暴露推估之誤差隨定位精確度與佈點精確度下降而呈現誤差增加之趨勢，其中誤差最小值為99.8 ppb (定位精度：0.01 m，佈點精度：15%)，誤差最大值為171.6 ppb (定位精度：1 m，佈點精度：25%)。微洩漏警示分析結果顯示，各感測點之High Alarm與High-High Alarm分別介於0.728~4.504 ppm與3.138~12.126 ppm，而在佈點精度指標為15%、20%與25%之佈點情境下，現場微洩漏警示限值之界定範圍不變，表示佈點精度指標為25%以下時，現場感測點位之設置情境，並不影響微洩漏警示閾值之訂定。本研究開發之即時監測技術能夠透過連續監測提供更貼近真實之暴露資訊，所使用之佈點分析技術能夠在資源有限的情況下，提升佈點之效益。本研究亦發現藉由即時監測技術，除能夠實現勞工長期暴露資料庫之建置外，亦能同時應用於微洩漏即之告警，有助於強化職業衛生管理，及職業安全之化學品洩漏及異常事件之防範。

There is limited available information about the effectiveness of sensor number deployed, and the feasibility of applying WSN for conducting personal exposure assessment. The purpose of this study was set out first to develop a sensor gridding optimization strategy, then apply the technique for conducting exposure assessments and setting for micro-leakage alarms. 43 low-cost TVOC sensors were deployed in the TFT-LCD field (L×W=40 m×10 m), then using sensor gridding optimization strategy to determine the best sensor deployment. A personal real-time exposure model is used to integrate the time series data for predicting workers’ exposures. The validation is based on each scenario which was according to the indicators of indoor positioning error and sensor gridding optimization error. Finally, the field measured concentration database was used for setting an alarm system for detecting micro-leakage events in the studied workplace. The results show that under the precision set at 15%, 20% and 25%, the number of sensors needed to be placed in field (removable point number) was 42 (1), 41(2), and 35 (8), respectively. Personal exposure results indicate that the increase of the error in the estimated exposures. The setting limits for micro-leakage detecting of each sensor which was recommended as the ranges between 0.728~4.504 ppm (high alarm) and 3.138~12.126 ppm (high-high alarm). In conclusions, the real-time monitoring technique can enhance the current environmental monitoring strategy, and provide more realistic exposure information through long-term and continuous monitoring. The application of the real-time detection of micro-leakage is helpful for preventing leakage and abnormal events.

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