本研究的目的是針對都市垃圾焚化廠(MSWIs)排放源中戴奧辛/呋喃(PCDD/Fs)之特徵和健康風險進行探討。研究主要包括兩部分，第一部分對都市垃圾焚化廠煙道廢氣、底渣及飛灰中之戴奧辛/呋喃的排放因子進行研究。在戴奧辛/呋喃同源異構物之質量特徵剖面分析中，顯示以OCDD和OCDF為主要優勢物種，然而在所有樣品之戴奧辛/呋喃的毒性當量濃度(PCDD/Fs-TEQ)分析中，主要同源異構物則為2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF和1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD。分析都市垃圾焚化廠燃燒每公噸垃圾之煙道廢氣、底渣及飛灰中戴奧辛/呋喃毒性當量濃度的平均分別為0.0919、7.20和12.8 μg PCDD/Fs-WHO2005-TEQ ton-1，另分析都市垃圾焚化廠產生每單位電力的煙道排氣、底灰和飛灰中戴奧辛/呋喃毒性當量濃度之平均則分別為0.185、14.5和26.3 μg PCDD/Fs-WHO2005-TEQ（MWh）-1。本研究結果顯示戴奧辛/呋喃總毒性當量濃度(PCDD/Fs-WHO2005-TEQ)主要存在底灰和飛灰中，長遠觀點來看，在處理都市垃圾焚化廠底渣和飛灰上應更加關注。第一部分研究結果在對持久性有機化合物(POPs)進一步深入研究和環境控制策略規劃中提供有用的參酌依據。
本研究第二部分則探討飛灰中戴奧辛/呋喃對都市垃圾焚化廠現場工作人員可能造成的健康威脅，因為現場工作人員在進行回收和處理工作的過程不可避免地暴露在佈滿焚化廠飛灰的工作環境中。研究由不同角度對臺灣南部一座都市垃圾焚化廠之飛灰中的戴奧辛/呋喃進行探討。分析結果總結如下各點：（1）經由多重比較分析(p<0.01)，顯示OCDD、OCDF，1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD和1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF四種同源異構物的濃度顯著高於其他異構物種濃度。（2）2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF為總毒性當量濃度(TEQ)的主要貢獻物種。飛灰中戴奧辛/呋喃總毒性當量的前三種主要同源異構物分別為OCDF，1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF和2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF，其中OCDF可能是類似飛灰來源中最有力的指標物種。（3）相關性分析結果顯示戴奧辛/呋喃所有同源異構物互為正相關，其R2值介於0.707-0.939之間，同時在聚合分析的結果顯示了幾種同源異構物(如1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF，OCDD和OCDF)的具體特徵。（4）另透過蒙特卡羅模擬分析(Monte Carlo simulation)評估健康風險，結果顯示現場工作人員的第95百分位致癌風險(CR)和非致癌風險(non-CR)均超過臨界限值，應被視為對現場工作人員的顯著風險。（5）敏感性分析的結果顯現濃度(CC)和暴露時間(ED)是評估致癌風險和非致癌風險中最敏感的2個參數。綜合第二部分的研究結果，可對於改善都市垃圾焚化廠現場工作人員的健康風險緩釋、管理和溝通策略等提供有用的參酌資訊。

The objectives of the research were to investigate Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) characteristics and health risk from emission sources in a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI). The research is mainly contained two parts.
The first part of this study explores the emissions factors of PCDD/Fs from the stack flue gas, bottom ash and fly ash of a municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) were analyzed. The congner profiles of PCDD/F mass were dominant in OCDD and OCDF; however, those of PCDD/Fs-TEQ were mainly 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF and 1,2,3,7,8-PeCDD in all samples. The PCDD/F emission factors of MSWI per metric ton of waste incinerated from the stack flue gas, bottom ash and fly ash were at an averaged of 0.0919, 7.20 and 12.8 μg PCDD/Fs-WHO2005-TEQ ton-1, respectively. Futhermore, the emission factor of MSWI in the unit of electricity produced averaged 0.185, 14.5 and 26.3 μg PCDD/Fs-WHO2005-TEQ (MWh)-1, respectively. As the results shown in this study, the majority of total PCDD/Fs-WHO2005-TEQ were mainly in both bottom ash and fly ashes. From long-term perspective, the disposal of both bottom and fly ashes should pay more attention to this issue. The results of first part provide useful information for both further studies and environmental control strategies aimed at persistent organic compounds (POPs).
The second part is explored PCDD/Fs in fly ash may pose health threats to onsite workers due to their inevitable dispersion in the working environments during recycling and disposal of fly ash from MSWIs. PCDD/Fs in fly ash from an MSWI in Southern Taiwan was analyzed from several perspectives. The results can be summarized as follows: (1) Through multiple comparison analyses, it was revealed that four types of congeners (OCDD, OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF) have significantly higher concentrations than other species (p < 0.01). (2) 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF represented the main contributor to the total toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ). The top three candidate indicators of total TEQ are OCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF, in which OCDF might be most powerful indicator of fly ash from similar sources. (3) It was indicated that all congeners correlated positively with each other (with R2 values in the range between 0.707-0.939); Meanwhile, the results of the cluster analysis unveiled the specific features of several congeners (such as 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDF, OCDD and OCDF). (4) Through assessing health risk with a Monte Carlo simulation, both the 95th percentile carcinogenic risk (CR) and non-carcinogenic risk (non-CR) for onsite workers exceeded the threshold limit and should be considered as significant risks for onsite workers. (5) The results of the sensitivity analysis suggested that concentration (CC) and exposure duration (ED) were the two most sensitive parameters in both the CR and non-CR assessment. The above findings of second part could be useful for improving existing health risk mitigation/management/communication strategies for onsite workers in waste incineration plants.

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