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研究生：	吳曉斌 Wu, Xiao-Bin
論文名稱：	正念訓練回饋系統介面設計 Mindfulness Feedback Interface(MFI) Design
指導教授：	劉世南 Liou, Shyh-Nan
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	規劃與設計學院 - 創意產業設計研究所 Institute of Creative Industries Design
論文出版年：	2017
畢業學年度：	105
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	143
中文關鍵詞：	正念訓練、生物回饋、心理回饋、設計思考、介面設計
外文關鍵詞：	Mindfulness, Biofeedback, Feedback, Interface Design
相關次數：	點閱：180 下載：31
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在現代社會人們的生活面臨越來越多的壓力(如：家庭、學業、工作中等)，導致人們生理或是心理上的疾病增加（如：失眠、焦慮、厭食症等）。因此越多的人們開始尋求能夠幫助自我調節的緩解壓力和放鬆平靜的方法。「正念訓練」（Mindfulness Training）即為其中受到重視與使用的減壓方法，通過正念訓練實現減壓、緩解臨床症狀成為心理學、臨床醫學等領域的主要研究發展方向。
本研究目的為提高正念訓練的學習效果。經由與正念訓練研究的臨床心理學專家之跨領域合作，本研究旨在探討：在智慧型手機及可穿戴式設備的條件上，發展APP能提供正念訓練，以及提供及時、準確的訓練及學習回饋，以幫助使用者了解自己進行的訓練是否有效，以得更好的自我學習。基於文獻評論，我們了解到當使用者在進行正念訓練時，正念訓練的效果會反應在其生理及心理狀態的變化上，同時，隨著智慧型手機及可穿戴式設備的發展，使用者已可隨身攜帶，隨時輔助自己訓練，以幫助自己記錄訓練情況的健康管理系統。因此，我們整合設計正念訓練的使用者生理及心理狀態的回饋，結合正念訓練於智慧型手機及可穿戴式設備偵測，設計一套運行在智慧型手機上，輔助使用者進行日常正念訓練的回饋系統（該系統稱作正念訓練回饋系統，Mindfulness Feedback Interface，簡稱為MFI），提供學習回饋，輔助使用者在日常生活中完成更好的自我訓練、自我調節，提高正念訓練的學習效果，從而幫助使用者緩解日常生活中的各種壓力，達到放鬆平靜的目的。該回饋系統（MFI）功能包括：指導使用者在日常生活中完成正念訓練、提供正念訓練課程，訓練過程中生理狀態及心理狀態的偵測與回饋、使用者日常訓練狀態的記錄、與其它使用者的訓練結果的比較、以及專家建議等。
本研究發展的方法，首先經文獻回顧完成設計架構及原型（MFI 1.0），接著進行專家評估，邀請相關不同領域的專家（包括臨床心理學、生物回饋偵技術、應用軟體開發及介面設計）檢視該系統原型。主要改良議題就系統設計中功能、視覺及互動設計提出改進意見及建議（例如：系統架構不清晰、功能缺失）。基於專家評估與建議，我們改良系統的介面設計並製作了可在手機上操作的系統原型（MFI 2.0）。隨後，我們邀請使用者進行MFI 2.0原型測試，收集使用者經驗，進一步發現系統設計上存在的問題（如：說明信息缺失、訓練步驟繁瑣），為系統操作體驗上的優化提出合理的意見及建議。
本研究的主要成果包括：1）提出「正念訓練生物回饋介面（MFI）」系統整合的原型設計，作為使用者的生物狀態及心理狀態為一體的訓練回饋系統，該系統為一款可以運行在智慧型手機上的應用程式，它將輔助使用者在日常生活中完成正念訓練。2）MFI是一套運行在雲端的後台管理系統，該系統可以幫助正念研究人員開發、修改正念課程，並且可以了解使用者的訓練狀態，追蹤訓練效果。3）整合跨領域研究開發團隊（來自臨床心理學、生物回饋技術以及介面設計的專家），提高回饋系統的功能完備性。4）整合專家與使用者的原型測試，以優化設計及指出未來發展的項目。

In stressful and competitive modern life, people eagerly seek for ways to reduce stress, enhance their self-awareness, and pursuit of health and happiness. “Mindfulness training”, as one of promising solutions for stress management and clinical treatment, mindfulness exercises are now increasing important and becoming the focus of research and development for this end. With the end to enhance the learning effect of mindfulness training in portable device, this research collaborated with clinical psychologists of mindfulness training to develop a feedback system which provides a timely and accurate learning feedback that help users of self-learning of smartphones and wearable devices. Based on the literature review, we found that the effect of mindfulness training could be reflected in the changes of user's physiological and psychological state. Besides, with the development of smartphones and wearable devices, users nowadays are ready for a professional health management device portable at any time and everywhere, in order to track their mindfulness training in the daily life. To this end, this research aims to develop the Mindfulness training feedback system (Aka Mindfulness Feedback Interface, MFI) on smartphones to help users better self-training and self-regulation with immediate and useful feedback then better improve the mindfulness training effect. The functionalities of MFI system include Mindfulness training, biological (EEG and HRV) and psychological (Self-report and questionnaire) feedback, training tracking and medical advices. Based literature review, we design and develop first prototype (MFI 1.0) with which we gathered suggestions from experts in relevant fields (mindfulness training experts, biofeedback technology developers, application developer and interface designers). Based on their suggestions, we developed an upgraded 2nd prototype (MFI 2.0), which can be tested on a smartphone. We invited six users to test this prototype for ensuring the usability, desirability and feasibility of the system and design issues for better future development. The development of MFI in this research has several contributions as follows. First, MFI proposed a comprehensive model for a mindfulness training feedback system that includes biological and psychological feedback operate in a smartphone and assist the user do the mindfulness training in their daily life. Second, the proposed MFI provides an interactive management system that allows researchers to develop and modify mindfulness courses, and to track the user's training effectiveness. Third, we benefit from interdisciplinary collaboration with experts from clinical psychology, biofeedback technology, and interface design that contribute a comprehensive system design. Finally, we conclude a better model of mindfulness training feedback system with user experience from user testing of usability, desirability and feasibility of the system.

摘要	i
Abstract	iii
誌謝	v
Table of Contents	vii
List of Figures	xii
List of Tables	xv
Chapter 1	Introduction	1
1.1	Background and Motivation	1
1.2	Research Objective	2
1.3	Research Questions	3
Chapter 2	Literature Review	5
2.1	Mindfulness Definition and Training Course	6
2.2	Feedback for Learning	11
2.3	Biofeedback for Mindfulness	12
2.3.1	Brainwaves (EEG)	13
2.3.2	Breathing	16
2.3.3	Heart Rate Variability (HRV)	17
2.3.4	Surface Electromyography (sEMG)	18
2.3.5	Temperature	19
2.3.6	Summary of Biofeedback for Mindfulness	20
2.4	Current Biofeedback Interface Design	23
2.4.1	Raw data in HCI	24
2.4.2	Meaningful Information in the HCI	24
2.4.3	Instructive Information in the HCI	27
2.4.4	Summary of Biofeedback Interface Design	28
2.5	Summary of Literature Review	31
Chapter 3	Methodology	33
3.1	Interdisciplinary Collaboration	33
3.2	Research Method	35
Chapter 4	Design for MFI 1.0	38
4.1	Mindfulness Biofeedback Interface (MBI) Design Model	38
4.1.1	Conceptual Design for MBI System	41
1)	Hot-air Balloon (Breathing Training)	42
2)	Yin-Yang (Concentration Training)	43
4.1.2	Conclusion for Concept Design of MBI	44
4.2	Mindfulness Feedback Interface Design Model (From MBI to MFI)	45
4.2.1	User Definition	47
4.2.2	Interface and Prototype Design for MFI 1.0	49
4.3	Expert Evaluation for MFI 1.0	67
4.3.1	The Participants of Expert Evaluation	67
4.3.2	The Method of Expert Evaluation	68
4.3.3	The Findings in the Expert Evaluation	69
1)	Clear Product Positioning	71
2)	Independent Develop Biofeedback Detector	71
3)	The Rationality of Course Structure	73
4)	Diversity of Training Courses	73
4.3.4	Summary of Expert Evaluation	74
Chapter 5	Advanced Design of MFI 2.0	78
5.1	Interface Design for MFI 2.0	78
5.1.1	Information Architecture Adjustment	79
5.1.2	Simplify the Interface Operation Flow	80
5.1.3	Improved User Friendliness for Novice	84
5.1.4	Designed for Different Users	87
5.2	User Testing for MFI 2.0	88
5.2.1	The Participants of User Testing	89
5.2.2	The Method of User Testing	90
5.2.3	The Findings in the User Testing	91
1)	Security Issues	92
2)	More Explanation	92
3)	More Tutorials	93
5.2.4	Summary of User Testing	93
Chapter 6	Conclusion	94
6.1	Research Contribution	94
6.1.1	A Comprehensive Model for A Mindfulness Training Feedback System	94
6.1.2	An Interactive Background Management System	95
6.1.3	Interdisciplinary Collaboration	96
6.1.4	Advancing Model of Mindfulness Training Feedback System	96
6.2	Research Limitations	97
6.3	Future Directions	97
6.3.1	Mindfulness State Definition	97
6.3.2	Big Data Analysis	98
6.3.3	Multiple Training Courses	99
6.3.4	Independent Develop Biofeedback Detector	99
Reference	100
Appendix 1: The Feedback from Experts	104
Appendix 2: The Transcript of Interview After User Testing	106
Appendix 3: The Example of Psychological Scales	114
Appendix 4: The Interface Design for MFI System (MFI 1.0)	115
Appendix 5: The Interface Design for MFI System (MFI 2.0)	128
                                    

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