背景:近年來在世界各地，人口由鄉村向都市移動的現象普遍存在，並且都市化的速度仍然持續的增加。然而，城鄉人口的快速變遷，將對地方資源分配、人口和經濟等政策的規劃以及人類健康造成巨大的衝擊。
目的:瞭解台灣地區居民的健康狀態和健康行為，是否會因為居住地區的都市化程度不同而有所差異。
方法:本研究為ㄧ橫斷性研究，係採用民國九十一年國民健康局「台灣地區國民健康促進知識、態度與行為調查」資料進行二手分析，該調查內容包括人口學基本資料、個人健康狀態以及個人健康行為。並且將受訪者居住地之鄉鎮市區依都市化程度劃分為四個層級，探討都市化程度與居民健康行為和健康狀況的關係。
結果:控制年齡和教育程度後，在健康狀態方面，大多呈現J型分布，唯有高血壓、男性糖尿病和男性憂鬱的勝算比和都市化程度呈現正向線性關係；女性肥胖、女性心臟病和女性糖尿病則在各都市化層級間的勝算比皆未達顯著差異。在健康行為方面，大多和都市化程度呈現正向線性關係；唯有運動頻率、吃早餐和嚼檳榔呈現相反的結果，和都市化程度呈負向線性關係；在子宮頸抹片檢查、女性吸菸以及女性戒菸行為勝算隨著地區都市化程度的增加呈現J型分布情形，吃水果、女性吃蔬菜和男性吸菸則是在各都市化層級間的勝算比皆未達顯著差異。
結論:各都市化層級間居民的健康狀態和健康行為確實存在著差異情形，這些差異可能源自於居住地區的環境或生活方式所致。因此，在健康相關政策或介入計劃的制定和執行時，也應考慮到地區的特性和疾病型態，方能更有效促進全體居民的健康，進而改善城鄉健康的差距。

Background: Recently, people from the rural area migrating to the urbans is ongoing worldwide, and the urbanized speed continues to increase. However, under the population transitiona, there is a huge impact of local resource assignments, formulation of economic policy, and the human health.
Objective: To explore whether inhabitant's health condition and health behavior have differences between urbanization level of the inhabit area in Taiwan.
Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, analysis secondary data from“ The 2002 Study on Health Promotion Knowledge, Attitude and Behavior of Taiwan People” , the questionnaire content includes the demography data, health condition and health behavior. According to urbanization level of inhabited area are divided into three levels, explore the relationship between urbanization and inhabitant's health in Taiwan.
Results: After controlling sex and education factors, in the health status aspect, there were shown J curve generally. Despite the fact that there were positive linear relation with urbanization level on hyper tension, male diabetes mellitus, and male depression morbidity, there were non-significant on female obesity, female heart disease, and female diabetes mellitus morbidity(P<0.001). In the health behavior aspect, there were positive linear relation with urbanization level generally; contrarily, doing exercise frequency, eating break fast, and chewing betel nut were negative linear relation with urbanization level. On the other hand, there were non-significant on eating fruit, female’s eating breakfast, and male’s smoking(P<0.001).
Conclusions: Between the different urbanization level, areas with inhabitant’s health condition and behavior showed different situations. These differences might be due to the different living conditions and lifestyles. Therefore, when we formulate and administer a health policy or intervention, we must consider the area’s characteristics and the local disease conditions, so we can effectively promote inhabitant's health, and improve the disparity of urban-rural health condition.

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