本文主要研究背填土進入主動(或被動)情況和達到主動(或被動)狀態，垂直鋼筋混凝土擋土牆和水平式背填土間之交互行為。背填土假設為彈塑性材料，且符合完全排水平面應變和完全關聯流動法則，並採用莫爾-庫倫破壞準則。使用ABAQUS有限元素法分析軟體採用一種以面為主之接觸方式，研究擋土牆與背填土間交互作用之接觸力學問題。本文假設四個不同外摩擦角值，以分析擋土牆在粗糙程度差異下，對擋土牆與背填土間交互行為之影響。利用ABAQUS模擬擋土牆離開背填土(主動情況)或朝向背填土(被動情況)，瞭解擋土牆背側土壓力係數、側土壓力分佈和側土壓合力作用點與翻轉力矩等之變化。實務上位移是一項很容易作為觀測土體破壞之參數，此外土體的破壞絕大部份皆已處於塑性狀態，而最大塑性應變則是描繪塑性狀態非常重要之一項參數，但是這項參數在先前之文獻中較少作探討，因此本文最主要以背填土位移和最大塑性應變之角度作切入，分析探討背填土塑性變形輪廓特徵與位置和傳統庫倫理論滑動破壞面之關係。在擋土牆不同摩擦特性條件，及擋土牆水平移動各歷程階段下，繪製背填土總位移和最大塑性應變之等值曲線圖，結合庫倫理論之滑動破壞面，建立二個簡單參數 及 預估潛能破壞場址。本研究預估之潛能破壞場址與庫倫理論有差異：在主動情況，其位置比由庫倫理論計算出背填土滑動破壞面與地面交叉點更接近擋土牆背；在被動情況，其位置比由庫倫理論計算出背填土滑動破壞面與地面交叉點更遠離擋土牆背。藉助更多實驗資料以修正 及 ，將可作為擋土牆與背填土施工、設計和安全監測的簡易參數。

This paper is to investigate the interaction of retaining wall and horizontal surface backfill which gets into active condition (or passive condition) and reaches to active state (or passive state). The associated flow rule is assumed for the backfill considered as an elastic-plastic material which is corresponded with fully drained plane strain. The Mohr-Coulomb failure criterion is adopted as the yield function in the meantime. The commercial finite element method, ABAQUS, is applied in this work. A surface-based contact approach between retaining wall and backfill simulates the interaction of them with four different wall angles. The wall is simulated to move away from the backfill for active process. Contrarily, the wall is simulated to move toward the backfill for passive process. The influence of lateral earth pressure coefficients, lateral earth pressure’s distribution, acting point of the total pressure and its turning moment is studied. Furthermore, the displacement is observed easily in practice, and the maximum plastic strain, a very important parameter characterizing the plastic state of soil body, was seldom mentioned in previous references. Accordingly, the study based on the contours of displacement and maximum plastic strain analyzes the positions and characteristics of deformed profile which is compared with the slip failure surface calculated by traditional Coulomb’s theory. Two simple parameters, and , which can be used to calculate the potential failure sites are obtained by combining plotting the contour of displacement and the maximum plastic strain of backfill and Coulomb’s theory with different wall friction. For active condition, the potential failure sites by this research are closer to retaining wall than that analyzed by Coulomb’s theory. On the contrary, they are farther to retaining wall than those analyzed by Coulomb’s theory for passive condition. It is suggested that and would be modified by more experimental data, then the parameters can be used as consultation for construction, design and safe monitoring of retaining wall and backfill.

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