近年來因為氣候變遷導致世界上許多地區爆發藻華(Algal blooms)的強度與頻率隨之增加。淡水水體中的藍綠菌(Cyanobacteria)為藻華的主要微生物，而部分的藍綠菌擁有產生毒素或臭味物質等代謝物的能力，這些藍綠菌代謝物不僅會影響飲用水的品質，對人體健康亦會造成危害。面對強度與頻率持續增加的藻華問題，越來越多的研究開始朝向直接從水庫端進行處理，此作法相較於淨水廠內處理流程能更主動地解決藻華帶來的問題。因此，本研究選用辣木(Moringa oleifera)作為天然混凝劑，探討其對藻類與水質環境的影響，以評估將其作為水庫中緊急藻華問題處理之可行性及應用性。
本研究使用快速蛋白質層析儀(FPLC)搭配陽離子交換樹脂管柱，由辣木種子中純化出具有混凝功效的水溶解性陽離子蛋白(Moringa oleifera cationic protein, MOCP)，提高單位蛋白質混凝效率，並以MOCP作為本研究中主要實驗用混凝劑。本研究將不同濃度的MOCP混凝劑加於單顆粒狀銅綠微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)與長條絲狀拉氏柱孢藻(Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii)兩種不同型態之單一藻種實驗中，發現MOCP對長條絲狀拉氏柱孢藻去除效率較佳，並於高濃度(50 mg/L)MOCP組中發現水中柱孢藻毒素降低之現象。而在藻華水體應用上，MOCP對團聚微囊藻去除效率則大於長條絲狀柱孢藻，此外在有添加MOCP組中藻類相較控制組有加速死亡的現象，可能原因為MOCP本身屬於抗菌肽的一種，會與藻類細胞膜發生作用進而抑制藻類生長。除了探討MOCP對藻類影響外，本研究亦評估在水廠前加氯情況下，添加MOCP混凝劑於水庫時，對消毒副產物三鹵甲烷(THMs)與鹵乙酸(HAA)的影響，而實驗結果發現當藻華發生時，添加MOCP混凝劑去除藻類，能夠減少消毒副產物生成。

This study was aimed to examine the applicability of using a natural coagulant extracted from the seeds of a tree, Moringa Oleifera cationic protein (MOCP), for the control of cyanobacterial blooms in lakes and reservoirs. A fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC) was combined with cation exchange resins to purify MOCP and to improve the coagulation efficiency. The laboratory experimental results of cyanobacterial removal show that MOCP achieved better efficiency for the Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii than Microcystis aeruginosa, and the reduction of cylindrospermopsin was found when applying high concentration (50 mg/L) of MOCP. The cell integrity of cyanobacterial cells did not change after adding MOCP in three hours. For the treatment of environmental water samples collected from National Cheng Kung University Lake, the removal efficiency of colonial Microcystis with MOCP was higher than that of Cylindrospermopsis. For long term exposure experiments, MOCP was found to have an algicidal effect, accelerating the death and inhibiting the growth of cyanobacterial cells. Formation of disinfection byproducts (DBPs) associated with the addition of MOCP was also evaluated using chlorination experiments. The results show that trihalomethane and haloacetic acid formation was lower than those without adding MOCP, suggesting that MOCP may remove a certain amount of DBP precursors in the water.

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