研究背景：雖然有氧適能已被證實與認知功能表現有顯著的關聯性，然而有氧適能的效益在工作記憶的研究仍不明確，其原因可能是有氧適能對不同工作記憶的範疇有選擇性的效益。有鑒於有氧適能對執行功能的重要性，本研究將採用具涵蓋執行功能歷程的特徵連結工作記憶的角度，再探有氧適能對工作記憶的影響。研究目的：本研究目的是以行為與認知電生理的研究取向探討有氧適能對於年輕成年人在特徵連結工作記憶的表現影響。研究方法：本研究招募40位20-30歲年輕男性，利用Bruce Protocol進行有氧適能測驗，同時使用氣體分析儀採集受試者最大攝氧量，將受試者以最大攝氧量分為高有氧適能組20人與低有氧適能20人，再進行特徵連結工作記憶作業測驗，並同步收集大腦事件相關電位，藉此比較兩組的行為 (敏感指數d’, d' = [ z(Hit)-z(FA) ]) 與大腦事件相關電位 ( contingent negative variation, CNV和P300 component振幅) 之間的差異。統計方法將以混合設計重複量數變異數分析 ( mixed-model ANOVA with repeated measures )，分析兩組的認知作業行為表現與大腦事件相關電位的表現差異，統計顯著水準設為p < .05，如達顯著水準，則使用Bonferroni法進行事後比較。研究結果：高有氧適能組與低有氧適能組在執行特徵連結工作記憶作業上，兩組受試者在行為結果及CNV並沒有差異。另外，在形狀情境下的P3振幅，顯著小於顏色情境與顏色-形狀結合情境，但顏色情境及顏色-形狀結合情境並沒有差異。重要的是，兩個組別之間的P3振幅差異達到顯著差異水準，根據統計結果顯示，高有氧適能組的P3相對於低有氧適能組來的小。討論：高有氧適能的人，在進行認知負荷程度較高的作業時，有較好的效率進行認知處理歷程，不須動員過多的注意力資源，從電生理訊好的角度來看，高有氧適能的人神經效率化的程度較高，在相同的表現下，不須要付出過多的神經性努力。

Aerobic fitness has been shown to be positively associated with cognitive performance. However, the beneficial effects of aerobic fitness on working memory in young adults remain unclear. One possible reason might be that aerobic fitness has selective effect on specific components of working memory processing. Accordingly, this study aimed to further address this issue by using a feature binding working memory task as well as the event-related potentials (ERPs) approach. Behavioral and ERPs performance were recorded simultaneously from 20 male young adults with low level of aerobic fitness and 20 aged-matched high aerobic-fitness counterparts when they performed the feature binding working memory task involving different levels of attentional control (i.e., color only, shape only, and color-shape binding conditions). Behavioral data revealed no significant differences between groups across conditions in the working memory task. However, the ERPs results showed that the high-fitness group, as compared to the low-fitness counterparts, exhibited smaller P3 areas during memory retrieval stage in the condition requiring higher level of attentional control (i.e., color-shape binding). Such effect, however, was not observed for the other conditions requiring lower level of attentional demands. Taken together, although we did not observe the beneficial effect of aerobic fitness on the working memory task at behavioral level, the electrophysiological indexes suggest that individuals with higher level of aerobic fitness may have relatively greater efficiency in attentional allocation in the task requiring higher level of attentional control.

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