斷層泥微組構特徵被認為是影響斷層帶物理性質與活動行為的重要因子，然而目前對於泥岩斷層泥組構發育過程及其特徵所知有限。本研究以X光粉末繞射、X光極圖繞射及光學與電子顯微觀察等方法，針對台灣西南部龍船斷層北段泥岩及剪裂帶斷層泥進行礦物相與微組構分析，期望瞭解泥岩斷層泥之微組構演化，並嘗試探討斷層泥微組構發育對龍船斷層之影響。
X光繞射結果顯示泥岩與斷層泥的全岩礦物組成同樣以伊萊石（白雲母）、綠泥石、石英與長石為主，相對含量差異小，但部份樣本含方解石與白雲石。泥岩與斷層泥之＜2 μm黏土分離物（clay fraction）之平均礦物相對含量分別為10.2 % 及7.4 % 膨潤石、66.5及72.1 % 伊萊石與23.3 % 及19.6 % 綠泥石，黏土礦物組成差異亦小；＜0.2 μm黏土分離物之礦物種類相同，但伊萊石相對含量增加；泥岩全岩、0.2-2 μm、＜2 μm及＜0.2 μm分離物之伊萊石結晶度值為0.18、0.33、0.51與0.92°Δ2θ，綠泥石結晶度值為0.20、0.25、0.40與0.61°Δ2θ，斷層泥伊萊石結晶度則為0.48、0.46、0.45與0.68°Δ2θ，綠泥石結晶度值為0.26、0.31、0.34與0.60°Δ2θ；納入不同粒徑混合效應考量，斷層泥之伊萊石結晶度較泥岩為差，綠泥石結晶度則略差，不同粒徑分離物之伊萊石結晶度差異較泥岩為小。泥岩與斷層泥＜2 μm及＜0.2 μm分離物之伊萊石疊形（polytype）均為2M1。
泥岩片狀矽酸鹽碎屑物長軸排列粗略與層面平行，斷層泥則發育Riedel剪裂構造，包括平行剪應力之Y剪裂面、R1共軛剪裂面和片狀矽酸鹽構成之P組構。伊萊石（002）X光極圖繞射結果顯示泥岩具一組與層理平行之優勢排列，綠泥石（002）X光極圖則未顯示優勢排列；斷層泥伊萊石顯現兩組斜交之主要（Y或R1方位）及次要（P方位）極點分布，部分重疊構成橢圓形極點分布，綠泥石則僅呈現一組與伊萊石次要組構約略平行之極點分布。泥岩伊萊石與綠泥石之平均標準化極點強度分別為5.98及2.56 m.r.d.，斷層泥伊萊石的主要與次要組構極點強度分別為5.86及2.99 m.r.d.，其綠泥石極點強度則為3.39 m.r.d.。
光學及掃瞄式電子顯微觀察顯示泥岩之較粗粒片狀矽酸鹽礦物碎屑具有底面晶面，其他礦物碎屑顆粒多具不規則多角形狀，基質片狀及其他矽酸鹽礦物形貌可略約辨識，局部可見碎屑物溶蝕孔隙沉澱黏土礦物或菱鐵礦。斷層泥則呈現外貌渾圓之細小碎屑顆粒及難以鑑識形貌之基質，但Y及R1剪裂面之間與P 區間（P domains）可見近乎同步消光之區塊；橫跨整個斷層泥帶，Y及R1剪裂面夾角及同步消光區塊形狀並非方位一致和均勻分布。穿透式電子顯微分析顯示前述近似平行消光區塊主要乃由底面解理面約略平行、厚度大多小於20 nm之2M1伊萊石晶束交錯生長組成，局部可見伊萊石晶束之急轉褶皺，此少見於綠泥石。此外，部份斷層泥可見剪切旋轉、局部包裹含砷黃鐵礦之碳酸鹽結核粒，以及剪裂面裂隙充填石膏、含鍶重晶石或錳氧化物。
前述資料顯示龍船斷層北段之斷層泥組成物質主要經由機械性剪切碎裂作用形成，結晶度較鄰近泥岩為低，推測區塊狀或局部性葉理主要是透過片狀矽酸鹽（主要為伊萊石）晶束旋轉、底面滑移和晶界滑移達成，相較於伊萊石，綠泥石受到變形或剪碎之程度較低。多條斷層泥之延伸方向變化與會聚和分隔，以及斷層泥標本主要組構與次要組構之夾角與強度變化，顯示龍船斷層北段斷層泥是經過多次不同位置剪切破裂和不同剪切強度作用，Y剪裂面控制主要組構之斷層泥，具有較大應變量。後期鹵水沿剪裂帶向地表遷移，重晶石等礦物沉澱侷限於剪裂面，暗示黏土礦物優勢排列促使斷層帶滲透率產生異向性。此外，剪裂作用相關之黏土礦物優勢排列產生鱗片狀組構，可提供摩擦阻力較低之滑移面，使岩體整體強度降低，可能為龍船斷層具潛移性質的重要因素之一。

Microstructures of mudstones and fault gouges from northern Lungchuan Fault, southern Taiwan were investigated by X-ray powder and pole-figure diffraction and polarized light and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The mineral constitutients and abundances are similar and illite is predominantly a 2M1 polytype in both mudstones and fault gouges but a significantly poorer illite crystallinity was measured in the bulk fault gouges in association with a significant size reduction of detrital silicate grains and clay pockets enriched and aligned in the vicinity of various micro-shear zones therein. Illite (002) pole-figure analyses of the fault gouges showed a main pole arising from the Y-shear fabric (parallel to the main shear-zone boundary) or overlapping Y- and R1-shear (conjugate shear) fabrics, and a minor pole attributable to the P-shear fabric of the Riedel shear microstructures exhibited in the gouge specimens. The intensity of the main pole was 5.86 m.r.d., similar to that of unfaulted mudstones. Chlorite (002) pole-figure patterns of the gouge specimens displayed a pole with an orientation and intensity (3.39 m.r.d.) close to those of the illite minor pole. The chlorite (002) pole intensity of mudstones was averaged 2.56 m.r.d. Transmission electron microscope observations indicated that the oriented clay pockets in the shear zones consist largely of parallel to subparallel 2M1 illite packets less than 20 nm in thickness. Development of the aforementioned microstructures and therefore scaly microfabrics could lower the strength of faulted rocks and facilitate aseismic creeping in the studied fault area.

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