根據流行病學調查統計，臺灣有超過四分之一，至少六百萬人有睡眠障礙，其中慢性失眠的人口就高達兩百五十萬人，因此失眠症狀在臺灣儼然已成為非常嚴重的心理健康問題。另外，40% 的失眠患者會同時出現精神狀態異常的狀態，包括憂鬱、焦慮、躁鬱症等，其中出現憂鬱併發症的比率最高。在憂鬱或焦慮症緩解後，睡眠障礙仍是被關注的殘存症狀，除了影響認知功能，亦會增加憂鬱、焦慮的復發率。理想的失眠治療藥物必須能夠容易導入及維持睡眠、不影響睡眠結構、不干擾白天的日常生活功能、避免藥物的耐受性及依賴性，然而目前市售治療失眠的藥物無法完全符合上述的條件，這些失眠治療藥物多較適合應用於急性失眠的患者。除了藥物治療方式之外，光線治療、針灸與生物回饋或神經回饋等行為治療方式也都被提出來解決失眠的問題。有研究進一步指出行為治療方式似乎能提供比藥物治療更長久持續的，常用的行為治療包括刺激控制治療、睡眠限制治療、放鬆治療、認知行為治療、生物回饋訓練、神經回饋訓練等。神經回饋訓練為利用腦機介面的方法來反應出大腦腦波的變化，其主要的目的就是透過操作型制約讓使用者可以察覺大腦特定的活性進而讓使用者能夠從中自我學習來控制自我的腦波，目前已有相當多的研究顯示透過神經回饋訓練可有效地改善各種的臨床症狀，例如癲癇症、憤怒和焦慮、失眠等。此研究包含主觀的睡眠問卷量表 (ISI、PSQI、PSAS) 以及客觀的睡眠評估 (Actigraphy、PSG) 來比較訓練前後的睡眠品質，受試者為十五位精神科患者，這些受試者的焦慮、憂鬱症狀緩解，卻還有失眠的患者。研究結果顯示，這些受試
者完成神經回饋訓練後，在客觀睡眠指標中，有八成受試者睡眠效率提升、九成受試者入睡延遲時間減少，且主觀的睡眠問卷量表也有改善。我們也設計了一套居家版的神經回饋訓練系統，讓已完成訓練的受試者可以自行在家進行訓練，以維持更長的訓練效果。

According to epidemiological survey statistics, more than a quarter of Taiwan, at least 6 million people, had sleep disorders. And the population of chronic insomnia is as high as 2.5 million. Therefore, insomnia has become a severe mental health problem in Taiwan. Besides, 40% of patients with insomnia will also have abnormal mental states, including depression, anxiety, bipolar disorder, etc. Among which the highest rate of depression complications. When patients with remitted depressive or anxiety disease, sleep disturbance is still a residual symptom of concern. In addition to affecting cognitive function, it will also increase the recurrence rate of depression and anxiety. The ideal treatment of insomnia drugs must be easy to introduce and maintain sleep, do not affect sleep structure, do not interfere with daily life functions during the day, and avoid drug tolerance and dependence. However, the currently marketed drugs for insomnia cannot fully meet the above conditions. These
insomnia drugs are more suitable for patients with acute insomnia. In addition to drug treatments, light therapy, acupuncture and biological feedback or neurofeedback and other behavioral therapy have also been proposed to solve the insomnia problem. Studies have further pointed out that behavioral therapy seems to provide longer­-lasting efficacy than drug therapy. Commonly used behavioral therapies include stimulus control therapy, sleep restriction therapy, relaxation therapy, cognitive­behavioral therapy, biological feedback training, neurofeedback training, etc. Neurofeedback training is an instrument that uses a brain­-computer interface to feedback the changes in brain waves. The primary purpose is to allow users to perceive the brain-­specific activity through operating conditions. Let users can learn from
their brain waves and control it. A lot of studies had shown that neurofeedback training could effectively improve various clinical symptoms, such as epilepsy, anger and anxiety, insomnia, etc. This study included subjective sleep questionnaires (ISI, PSQI, PSAS) and objective sleep assessments (Actigraphy, PSG) to compare sleep quality before and after training. The subjects were fifteen patients with remitted depressive or anxiety disorder, who have residual sleep disturbance, from psychiatric out­patient­department. The results of the study showed that after subjects completed the neurofeedback training, among the objective sleep indicators, 80% of the subjects improved their sleep efficiency, 90the subjects reduced sleep onset time, and the subjective sleep questionnaire also improved. We have also designed a homebased neurofeedback training system so that subjects who have completed training can train at home by themselves to maintain more prolonged training effects.

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