為了減緩地球暖化及因應氣候變遷，二氧化碳地質封存是有效減低二氧化碳排放量的方法之一，透過將二氧化碳注入至深部鹽水層等合適構造進行封存，而達到二氧化碳減量與減緩溫室效應的目標。二氧化碳地質封存的安全性，需要考慮流體力學與岩石力學等反應機制的交互作用，若封存場址內存在既有斷層，將二氧化碳注入於地層中會有引起斷層再活動以及誘發地震之風險。
本研究的主要目的是利用數值模擬法評估既有斷層受二氧化碳封存而產生再活動之可能性，基於耦合多相流體流動與岩石力學模組的多成分模擬器CMG-GEM，建立因二氧化碳封存而引起斷層再活動之模擬技術，模擬斷層再活動之行為及評估因斷層再活動而誘發地震活動之地震規模。
本研究提出結合基於Mohr–Coulomb屈服面的廣義塑性模型與節理岩石模型之計算方法，利用節理岩石模型模擬斷層帶變形之各向異性行為，並用廣義塑性模型模擬斷層再活動時的彈塑性行為以及黏滑行為，此方法能用於模擬因二氧化碳地質封存而產生的斷層再活動行為。此外，依據岩石力學的計算結果，能夠用來量化因斷層再活動而誘發的地震活動之地震規模。
研究結果顯示，當地層內的流體壓力因二氧化碳注入而升高至一定幅度時，既有斷層與儲集層相交的部分會發生破壞，並連帶影響到部分儲集層上下方的斷層區段，產生斷層再活動。敏感度分析結果顯示斷層再活動會受斷層帶內的流體流動特性影響，斷層再活動僅會發生在斷層帶滲透率為半透性的情境下。當斷層帶的垂直滲透率改變時，斷層滑移量與破裂寬度會隨之變大或變小。此外，如果注入井與斷層之間的距離變近，則最大斷層滑移量和破裂寬度會隨之變大。

In order to reduce global warming and combat climate change, CO2 geological storage (CGS) is an effective method to reduce anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The CGS method is to inject CO2 into an appropriate geological formation from preventing CO2 releasing to the atmosphere. For the safety of the CGS, understanding the interaction of the geomechanics and fluid flow is critical. If there is a pre-existing fault near the storage reservoir, the possibility of the effects of the fluid injection on the faults must be evaluated. The safety of the CGS will be affected by the induced seismicity and the fault reactivation.
The purpose of this study is to use numerical simulation method to evaluate the possibility of the pre-existing fault being reactivated by CO2 storage. Based on the compositional simulator CMG-GEM which is coupled reservoir simulation with and geomechanical module, the approach of simulating the fault reactivation caused by CO2 geological storage is established in this study. The approach allows us to model the behavior of fault slip and to estimate the related induced seismicity.
The approach combining the generalized plasticity model based on the Mohr–Coulomb yield surface with the jointed rock model is proposed in this study. The anisotropic deformation behavior of fault is modeled by the jointed rock model. The slip‐weakening behavior and the elastic-plastic behavior of fault can be captured by the generalized plasticity with softening friction. Moreover, the seismic moment magnitude of the induced seismicity caused by fault activation can be calculated from the geomechanical results
The results based on a hypothetical site show that fault reactivation occurs along the fault portion intersecting the reservoir when a sufficiently high fluid pressure has been reached. Due to the reactivation of the fault portion inside the reservoir, the points of fault portion underneath the reservoir become failure gradually. The ruptured zone affects the fault portion both inside the reservoir and in the bottom caprock. The results of sensitivity analysis show that fault reactivation is sensitive to the fluid flow properties. The fault reactivation may occur when the permeability of fault zone is semipermeable. When the vertical permeability of the fault zone getting bigger, the slip and the rupture width getting large. Besides, if the distance between injection well and fault getting shorter, the maximum fault slip and rupture width getting larger.

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