印尼具豐富的紀念性建築，並透過紀念性建築展現其國家之意涵。國家紀念碑與峇里島人民鬥爭紀念碑則既傳達出國家統合一體，又建立出城市差異。本文透過比較上述兩個研究對象，即自首都與地方城市之紀念性建築，深刻認識紀念性建築之意義及其再現的印尼國家意涵之變遷。

紀念性建築之意圖，傳遞特定時代、城市之觀點。印尼自宣布獨立後，便著力於建立共同體，以使國家穩定。亦在新秩序時期日益注重地方傳統與特殊性，維繫多元風貌。戰後起經常興建之紀念性建築為其國家意識形態之物質表現，從而本文將紀念性建築視為有關印尼國家真實的再現。經基地環境、外部造型、內部空間與展示內容等四個建築再現之面向，分析並比較研究對象。藉此理解國家發展軌跡中，印尼藉紀念性建築於不同城市展現出的實踐意義。

國家紀念碑與峇里島人民鬥爭紀念碑各有其宗旨與傳播內容，使兩者之建築實踐大異其趣。如前者訴諸簡潔的現代主義，後者為歷史主義。然又有共享之文化與國家經驗，並透過建築語彙、內部與展示等宣示其異同。宏觀而言，國家紀念碑與峇里島人民鬥爭紀念碑形成印尼策略性地建構國家與地方，以保持異中有同、同中有異之和諧關係。

最終，透過研究對象之比較，可見國家與地方於多元異質和單一均質的拉扯。對紀念性建築的探究，反映出物質不只被動地呈現社會文化，亦參與社會建構過程。本文透過比較帶來的觀點，將回應國家秩序建立與現代性之意義。紀念性建築因而是印尼國家統合及差異間，國家真實不斷變遷並達到妥協的再現。

This paper aims to explore how Indonesia expresses its identity through monuments, focusing on the comparative analysis of National Monument in Jakarta and the Monument of Balinese Struggle in Denpasar.

The intentions behind monuments express the perspectives of specific times in cities. This paper views architecture as representations of realities. By analyzing the "site," "form," "interior room," and "diorama," this study examines the realities represented in the chosen cases, understanding the national development process of Indonesian monuments across different cities.

To preserve diversity in unity, the National Monument and the Monument of Balinese Struggle show the message about national struggles and traditional symbols. While their architectural practices differ, with the former embracing a modernism and the latter a historicism. However, both share cultural and national experiences. Consequently, Indonesia strategically constructs national and local cultures through these monuments, maintaining a balance of similarities and differences.

Through the comparison, the continuous process of integration between national and local elements within similarities and differences are revealed. The exploration of monuments reflects that material not only passively presents power or culture but also actively participates in the social construction process. Further, this paper explores the processes of establishing national order and examines the implications of modernity. Monuments thus become the space where Indonesia embodies diversity and homogeneity.

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