全氟化物是人工合成的化合物，因為具有碳氟鍵及官能基，使其具有疏水及疏油特性被廣泛使用在生活用品及工業製程中。由於日常用品及室內裝潢的使用，全氟化物可能藉由不同途徑釋放到室內環境，並且累積於灰塵中，全氟化物在多個國家室內灰塵中皆有被測得，然而全氟化物傳輸至灰塵之途徑尚待研究探討，本研究欲要探討其可能的傳播途徑、機制及影響因子，將假設不同情境(包括直接接觸、磨損、昇華)來探討傳播途徑。研究中使用100%純棉布料作為全氟化物載體，並調整環境的pH值和灰塵的總有機碳及含水率，來探討這些因子對全氟化物吸附於灰塵之影響，進而討論其背後的傳輸機制。本研究挑選常用的四種全氟羧酸(PFCAs)和二種全氟磺酸(PFSAs)，包含全氟丁酸(PFBA)、全氟己酸(PFHxA)、全氟辛酸(PFOA)、全氟壬酸(PFNA)、全氟己烷磺酸(PFHxS)和全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)進行實驗。
實驗方法皆是在1.5 L的PP罐子裡並放入布料及灰塵去模擬各種可能。就三種不同途徑而言，磨損是透過磁攪拌子旋轉去磨損含有全氟化物的布料來模擬磨損掉入灰塵內的行為，直接接觸是直接將含有全氟化物的布料與灰塵做直接接觸，昇華是將含有全氟化物的布料與灰塵分開放在同一PP罐子內，使全氟化物必須先昇華到空氣中，再吸附到灰塵上。就結果來看直接接觸的影響最大，所以後續實驗都以直接接觸的方式進行。調整pH值的方式為利用氫氧化鈉調整欲添加到布料上的PFAS溶液pH值，改變灰塵TOC的方式為將灰塵放到不同溫度的高溫爐燃燒，改變含水率的方式為將灰塵放入箱烘乾跟把灰塵和DI水放在同一個容器內使之吸收水氣。
實驗結果顯示，以布料作為全氟化物載體時，全氟化物在直接接觸的途徑最容易釋出並被灰塵所吸附，其次為磨損，最後為昇華。透過直接接觸，全氟化物在灰塵內的濃度大約是昇華的100倍，磨損的10倍。因此後續探討主要以直接接觸為主，當改變環境的pH值(即改變全氟化物之帶電性)，發現灰塵內的全氟化物濃度在酸性條件下約10倍高於中性及鹼性的吸附量高達10倍，顯示全氟化物吸附於灰塵受靜電引力影響顯著。在同一個pH值下，不同碳鏈長在灰塵內也有不同吸附量，在灰塵內PFBA大約為PFNA的10倍，顯示短鏈的全氟化物較容易從布料釋出，而長碳鏈則傾向留在布料內，這也意謂著現今紡織業以短鏈全氟化物取代長鏈未必可以降低對環境危害，其影響尚未可知。此外，改變灰塵的總有機碳的實驗中，有機碳含量越高的灰塵，全氟化物的吸附量沒有增加反而降低，顯示灰塵內的其它成分例如礦物質可能才是貢獻吸附之主要成分。我們發現非有機碳成份越高，其吸附量也會隨之提升。對於改變灰塵含水率而言，含水率越低則全氟化物吸附量會越高，不過由於本實驗無法在反應過程中準確的控制灰塵含水率，因此需要解決這個問題才能進一步了解含水率與全氟化物吸附量的關係。

Perfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) are synthetic compounds, which are widely used in daily necessities and industrial processes, because of their hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. Due to the use of daily necessities and upholstery, PFAS may be released into the indoor environment through different pathway, and adsorbed into dust then accumulated. PFAS have been detected in indoor dust in different countries, however the migration pathway of PFAS to dust needs to be further studied. This study intended to explore its possible migration pathway, mechanisms and affecting factors. Different scenarios (including direct contact, abrasion, and sublimation) were assumed to explore the migration pathway. In this study, 100% cotton fabric and dust were used, and the pH value of the environment and the total organic carbon and water content of the dust were adjusted to explore the impact of dust adsorption, and discussed the mechanism and affecting factors further. In this study, four commonly used perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and two perfluorosulfonic acids (PFSAs) were selected, including perfluorobutyric acid (PFBA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorononyl acid (PFNA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS).
The experimental methods were fabric and dust all placed in a 1.5 L PP container to simulate various possibilities. As for three different migration pathways, abrasion pathway was to simulate the behavior by rotating the magnetic stirrer on fabric that contained PFAS on the dust. Direct contact pathway was fabric that contained PFAS contact with dust directly. For sublimation pathway, fabric and dust were put separately in the same container, so that PFAS must sublimated into the air first, and then adsorbed to the dust. As far as the results were concerned, direct contact had the greatest impact, so subsequent experiments were carried out in the form of direct contact. The way to adjust the pH value was to use NaOH to adjust the pH value of the PFAS solution added to the fabric. The way to change TOC of the dust was put the dust into high temperature furnaces and burn them in different temperatures. The way to change the water content was put the dust into the oven and put dust and DI water in the same container to absorb moisture.
The results of this experiment show that in the case of no adhesive added to the fabric, PFAS were most easily released and absorbed by dust in the direct contact pathway, followed by abrasion, and finally by sublimation. Besides, through direct contact, the concentration of PFAS in dust was about 100 times higher compared to sublimation and 10 times higher compared to abrasion. Therefore, direct contact was further discussed. In the case of direct contact, when we changed the pH value of the environment, PFAS concentration in acidic condition was 10 times higher than neutral and basic condition. It showed that changing the pH value will change the charge of PFAS, which was then affected by electrostatic interaction. At the same pH value, different carbon chain lengths also had different adsorption capacity in dust. PFBA was about 10 times higher than PFNA, because short-chain PFAS were easier to be released from fabrics, while long carbon chains tended to stay in the fabric more. This also indicated that the replacement of long- chains by short-chain PFAS in the textile industry today might not reduce harm to the environment. For changing total organic carbon of the dust, the results were contrary to our expectation. We expected that the dust with higher organic carbon content would also have more adsorption of PFAS, but the results were just the opposite. The reason might be that the non-organic content in the dust were the key that affected the adsorption. We found that the higher the metal content, the higher the adsorption capacity. For changing water content of dust, the lower the water content, the higher the adsorption capacity of PFAS. However, since we could not accurately control the water content of dust during the reaction process, we needed to solve this problem to further understood the relationship between water content and PFAS adsorption.

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