生活在高度發展的社會裡,壓力是無可避免的,然而壓力是一個既抽象又難以清楚定義的概念,因此本論文旨在研究中文與英文裡如何將抽象的壓力“概念化”(conceptualize)。本篇使用Lakoff 和Johnson (1980)的概念隱喻理論(conceptual metaphor theory)為主要的研究架構,輔以Ahrens (2002)的概念投射模型(conceptual mapping model)來針對兩個認知域(conceptual domains)之間的投射做進一步的分析。本研究的語料分別取材自中央研究院平衡語料庫(Sinica corpus)和Strathy語料庫。
研究結果顯示,以宏觀的角度來看,大部分的壓力概念隱喻在中文與英文中為共通的,例如: 壓力是物體、壓力是往下、壓力是流體。但是以微觀的角度來探討時,則會發現細微的差異,例如在英文裡,壓力並非單純的一個物體,而是一個能被販售、昂貴的商品, 但是這樣的概念隱喻並未在中文的語料中發現。另外,研究中亦發現,不論是在中文或是英文裡,實體隱喻(ontological metaphor)都是最常被使用的投射策略(皆超過三分之二的比例),而結構隱喻(structural metaphor)亦在英文中佔了將近三分之一的比例,但中文裡的結構隱喻卻只構成不及百分之三的比例。最後一種投射策略,亦即空間方位隱喻(orientational metaphor),在兩個語言中的比例皆偏低,並且表達方式較為單調而缺乏變化。
總而言之,因為壓力是一種身體的感受經驗,不同國家、文化的人皆有相似的認知過程。然而要將這樣的認知過程轉換為語言表達時,卻會因為自身所處的文化而產生差異。因此,透過概念隱喻的研究,我們不僅能了解一個概念在不同語言中的表達差異,同時能透過這些差異來理解一個語言背後的文化。

Living in a highly developed society, stress is unavoidable for everyone. However, stress is an abstract concept that is hard to define. The main focus of this thesis is to investigate how people perceive and conceptualize stress in Canadian English and Taiwanese Mandarin. In addition, Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980) is employed as the theoretical framework to analyze the data. The mapping strategy and correspondences between two conceptual domains will be further examined by a conceptual mapping model, which was proposed by Ahrens (2002). This is a corpus-based study, and linguistic materials are retrieved from Sinica corpus and Strathy corpus.
The results show that most stress metaphors are shared in English and Mandarin at the generic level, such as STRESS IS OBJECT and STRESS IS DOWN. Among the same conceptual metaphors, there are some discrepancies found in the culture specific level. Stress is mapped onto a staff and a commodity in English, whereas these specific-level expressions do not appear in Mandarin. On the other hand, while ontological metaphor is the largest group in the two languages, structural metaphor also accounts for a considerably large group in English. In addition, metaphorical expressions for orientational metaphor is relatively monotonous.
In summation, since stress is a bodily experience that everyone may encounter, people from different countries or cultures have a similar cognition process. However, ways of conveying the same experience vary from culture to culture. In other words, studying conceptual metaphors not only enables a person to understand the metaphorical use in two languages, but also helps a person to comprehend the cultures behind languages.

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