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研究生: 陳菁菘
Chen, Ching-Sung
論文名稱: 過氧化氫/汽油液態火箭之設計研究
Studies on the Design of Hydrogen Peroxide / Gasoline Liquid Rocket
指導教授: 賴維祥
Lai, Wei-Hsiang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年: 2004
畢業學年度: 92
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 120
中文關鍵詞: 雙推進劑汽油液態火箭過錳酸鉀過氧化氫
外文關鍵詞: Bi-propellant, Gasoline, Liquid rocket, Potassium permanganate, Hydrogen Peroxide
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  •   近年來,由於環保意識的提升以及降低研發成本的考量,像過氧化氫這類無毒性但又具有強氧化力的推進劑漸受重視,以取代如聯胺等的強毒性火箭推進劑。由於過氧化氫具有很高的分解熱,使得分解後的氣體溫度可以非常高,甚至可達1000℃左右,因此,非常適合用在單推進劑液態火箭上。此外,過氧化氫也可以與煤油、火箭燃油(RP-Fuel)等燃料形成雙推進劑液態火箭,其性能甚至不輸給MMH與NTO的組合。
      本研究之目的為設計並測試一具以過氧化氫以及汽油為雙推進劑的液態火箭,所使用的催化劑為過錳酸鉀,點火方式採用能量較高的火藥點火方式。此火箭屬於二階段反應之雙推進劑液態火箭,第一階段為過氧化氫與過錳酸鉀反應,分解產生高溫的氧氣與水,第二階段則是汽油與氧氣的燃燒反應。本研究曾針對不同比例的火藥組成做測試,並觀察其燃燒現象,紀錄火焰溫度與燃燒時間,建立了相關的資料庫。
      經由50%過氧化氫分解測試中可發現,即使過氧化氫流量高達9.7 kg/min,催化後的溫度依然可維持在130℃左右,分解效率可達80%以上,顯示過錳酸鉀有足夠的時間與過氧化氫反應。
    火箭整合測試結果顯示,目前已經能夠成功點火並持續燃燒,燃燒室也已經可以建壓至240 psia以上,推力也可達56 lbf以上,而比衝值則在60~100秒之間。

      Recently, because of the rise in environmental consciousness and under the consideration of cost reduction, toxic propellants such as MMH has gradually been replaced by non-toxic and powerful propellants such as hydrogen peroxide. Due to the high decomposition heat of hydrogen peroxide, the decomposed gases come with very high temperature, so it is very suitable for using in both mono-propellant and bi-propellant liquid rockets.
      The purpose of this study is to design and test a hydrogen peroxide(50%) / gasoline bi-propellants liquid rocket with catalyst potassium permanganate. The ignition is carried out by powder compound. This rocket is designed in a two-stage of reaction; In the first stage, hydrogen peroxide reacts with potassium permanganate to produce high temperature oxygen and water vapor, and these high temperature gas further reacts and burns with gasoline in the second stage.
      It is shown that decomposition temperature is not influenced by peroxide flow rate. The decomposition temperature is about 130℃, and the decomposition efficiency is higher than 80% all the time. It reveals that the peroxide has enough time to react with catalyst.
    In the hot firing test, it is shown that successful ignition and combustion can be maintained continuously, and the maximum chamber pressure is measured about 240 psia, maximum thrust is around 56 lbf, and its specific impulse is about 80s±20s.

    目錄 摘要 英文摘要 誌謝 目錄 I 表目錄 IV 圖目錄 VI 符號說明 XI 第一章 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2 文獻回顧 2 1.2.1 過氧化氫引擎之發展歷史 2 1.2.2 過氧化氫引擎之近期研究 4 1.2.2.1 雙推進劑火箭 4 1.2.2.2 自燃性燃料 6 1.2.2.3 觸媒床 8 1.3 過氧化氫特性 9 1.3.1 高密度 10 1.3.2 無毒性 10 1.3.3 低蒸汽壓 11 1.3.4 高比熱值 12 1.3.5 保存容易 12 1.3.6 高分解熱 14 1.3.7 儲存容器的選擇 16 1.4 研究動機及目的 16 第二章 理論計算與推力室設計 18 2.1 性能估算 19 2.2 推力室(Thruster chamber)設計 24 2.2.1 燃燒室 24 2.2.2 霧化器 25 2.2.3 點火裝置 26 第三章 實驗設備及儀器 28 3.1 燃燒室 28 3.2 推力測試台架 30 3.3 控制面版 32 3.4 推進劑供應系統 32 3.5 量測系統 41 3.5.1壓力傳送器(Pressure transducer) 41 3.5.2熱電偶(Thermocouple) 43 3.5.3推力感測器(Load Cell) 43 3.5.4資料擷取系統(DAQ) 50 3.6 霧化液滴粒徑分析系統 53 3.6.1 霧化液滴粒徑分析台架 53 3.6.2 雷射繞射粒徑分析儀 53 3.6.3 質量收集器 56 第四章 實驗方法與步驟 58 4.1 Insitec雷射繞射粒徑分析儀的量測 58 4.2 質量收集器測量方法 58 4.3 點火器能量測試 59 4.4 過氧化氫分解測試 60 4.5 點火測試 60 4.5.1 實驗前準備工作 61 4.5.2 點火程序 61 4.5.3 關火程序 62 第五章 結果與討論 63 5.1 燃油霧化噴嘴粒徑分析 63 5.1.1 Delavan WDB24噴嘴 63 5.1.1.1 霧化液滴平均粒徑 63 5.1.1.2 霧化液滴質量分佈 68 5.1.2 MKB80200噴嘴 71 5.1.2.1霧化液滴平均粒徑 71 5.1.2.2 霧化液滴質量分佈 76 5.1.3 小結 78 5.2 點火器能量測試 78 5.3 過氧化氫分解測試 81 5.4 整合測試 84 5.4.1 實驗一 84 5.4.2 實驗二 87 5.4.2.1過氧化氫流量設定為4.815 kg/min,汽油流量設定為0.404 kg/min 87 5.4.2.2過氧化氫流量設定為4.815 kg/min,汽油流量設定為0.485 kg/min 90 5.4.2.3過氧化氫流量設定為6.018 kg/min,汽油流量設定為0.485 kg/min 96 5.4.2.4過氧化氫流量設定為6.660 kg/min,汽油流量設定為0.539 kg/min 98 5.4.2.5過氧化氫流量設定為6.660 kg/min,汽油流量設定為0.630 kg/min 100 5.4.2.6過氧化氫流量設定為8.667 kg/min,汽油流量設定為0.700 kg/min 101 5.4.2.7 小結 103 5.4.3 實驗三 107 5.4.4 實驗四 108 5.4.5 實驗五 111 第六章 結論 113 第七章 未來工作 116 參考文獻 117

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