四環素 (Tetracycline, TC) 廣泛存在於水環境中，會引發生態失衡並對人類健康產生不良影響。因此，開發一種快速、低成本且簡單的水體TC檢測方法具有其必要性。本研究以四種農業廢棄物(菱角殼/Water caltrop shells、花生殼/Peanut shells、苦楝樹/Chinaberry、稻草/Straw)製備成類石墨烯生物炭作為感測電極材料，應用於檢測水體中的四環素，透過拉曼光譜、 TEM及SDAE圖分析證實，利用水熱和熱裂解程序能將農業廢棄物製備成類石墨烯的生物炭材料。隨後，將該類石墨烯生物炭材料塗佈於玻碳電極 (GCE) 表面，製備成菱角殼之類石墨烯生物炭複合玻碳電極(WB@GCE)、花生殼之類石墨烯生物炭複合玻碳電極(PB@GCE)、苦楝樹之類石墨烯生物炭複合玻碳電極(CB@GCE)以及稻草之類石墨烯生物炭複合玻碳電極(SB@GCE) 電極，探討該感測器在水體中檢測四環素的可行性。結果顯示，利用PB@GCE 感測器具有較優異的靈敏度，檢測限低至 3.6×10−9 nM，線性檢測範圍為 10−10∼102 µM，其可能與 花生殼之類石墨烯生物炭(PB) 類石墨烯生物炭具有較大的比表面積、低電阻和高導電性有關。此外，當四環素濃度為 10−4 M、干擾物濃度為 10−2 M 時，對感測器的穩定性進行測試，回收率介在 86.4%–116.0% 之間。針對不同基質進行檢測結果顯示，回收率在 84.3%–98.2% 之間，相對標準偏差 (RSD) 低於 6%，證實了 PB@GCE 電極應用於電化學感測器上具備優異的重複性，因此，該感測電極在天然水體四環素檢測方面具有良好的應用潛力。

Tetracycline (TC) is ubiquitous in aquatic environments, causing ecological imbalance and posing potential threats to human health. Therefore, developing a rapid, low-cost, and simple method for detecting tetracycline in water systems is essential. This study reports the preparation of graphene-like biochar from four types of agricultural waste as sensing electrode materials for tetracycline detection in water. Raman spectroscopy, TEM, and SAED analyses confirmed that the agricultural waste was successfully converted into graphene-like biochar through hydrothermal and pyrolysis processes. The prepared graphene-like biochar was coated onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to fabricate WB@GCE, PB@GCE, CB@GCE, and SB@GCE electrodes. The feasibility of using these sensors to detect tetracycline in aqueous systems was investigated.The results showed that the PB@GCE sensor exhibited superior sensitivity, with a detection limit as low as 3.6×10−9 nM and a linear detection range of 10−10∼102 µM, which was attributed to the large specific surface area, low resistance, and high conductivity of the PS biochar. In addition, the stability of the sensor was tested with a tetracycline concentration of 10−4 M and interferents at 10−2 M, achieving recovery rates ranging from 86.4% to 116.0%. The detection results for different matrices showed recovery rates between 84.3% and 98.2%, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) below 6%, demonstrating the excellent reproducibility of the PB@GCE electrode. Therefore, the sensor electrode shows great potential for application in detecting tetracycline in natural water systems.

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