現今台灣政府對於政府開放資料(OGD)應用與實作的開發一直非常積極，目的是為了幫助人民創造出具有價值和方便的服務。此研究使用了政府開放資料的價值創造架構來探討社會價值的產生，架構中包含四個不同構面，各構面具有其創造社會與經濟價值的能力。雖然透明度和參與被確定為社會價值生成，但本研究旨在探索效率和創新的調節效果，去影響透明度和參與所產生社會價值。本研究以線上問卷來收集來取得樣本數據，並在問卷中添加實驗內容，以驗證相關假設。最後總共收回268份有效問卷，並通過結構方程模型進一步分析。該研究發現，透明度和參與度對社會價值的創造有重大影響。 創新的調節作用對參與創造社會價值產生了重大影響，效率對參與和透明度沒有顯著影響。

Open government data (OGD) applications and implementation are strongly encour-aged in Taiwan by government officials in order to create value-added services to the public. Most of the applications of Taiwan’s OGD are focused on the creation of so-cial value. This study uses an OGD value-generation framework that contains four mechanisms (transparency, participation, innovation, and efficiency). Each mecha-nism has the ability to create either social or economic value. It is well accepted that transparency and participation do generate social value; however, how that process is affected by efficiency and innovation is unknown, and that very question is what this study had set out to explore. In this study, sample data were collected through an online questionnaire, and some experimental contents were added into the question-naire to verify the relevant hypotheses. A total of 268 questionnaires were recovered and analyzed through structural equation modeling. The study confirmed that transparency and participation do have a significant impact on the creation of social value. Moreover, the study discovered that innovation has a significant moderating effect on participation’s creation of social value. On the contrary, efficiency was found to have no such effect on either participation’s or transparency’s creation of social value.

Ahmadi Zeleti, F., Ojo, A., & Curry, E. (2016). Exploring the economic value of open gov-ernment data. Government Information Quarterly, 33(3), 535-551. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2016.01.008
Albano, C. S. (2013, June). Open government data: a value chain model proposal. In Proceedings of the 14th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research (pp. 285-286). ACM.
Altayar, M. S. (2018). Motivations for open data adoption: An institutional theory perspective. Government Information Quarterly. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2018.09.006
Attard, J., Orlandi, F., Scerri, S., & Auer, S. (2015). A systematic review of open government data initiatives. Government Information Quarterly, 32(4), 399-418. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2015.07.006
Axelsson, K., Melin, U., & Lindgren, I. (2010). Exploring the importance of citizen participa-tion and involvement in e-government projects: practice, incentives, and organiza-tion. Transforming Government: People, Process and Policy, 4(4), 299-321.
Bello, O., Akinwande, V., Jolayemi, O., & Ibrahim, A. (2016). Open data portals in Africa: an analysis of open government data initiatives. African Journal of Li-brary, Archives & Information Science, 26(2), 97
Bhuiyan, S. H. (2011). Public sector eService development in Bangladesh: Status, pro-spects and challenges. Electronic Journal of e-Government, 9(1), 15.
Brits, J., Botha, G., & Herselman, M. (2006). Conceptual framework for modeling business capabilities (Doctoral dissertation, Tshwane University of Technology).
Carter, L., & Bélanger, F. (2005). The utilization of e‐government services: citizen trust, innovation and acceptance fac-tors. Information systems journal, 15(1), 5-25.
Castro, E., Crosas, M., Garnett, A., Sheridan, K., & Altman, M. (2017). Evaluating and Pro-moting Open Data Practices in Open Access Journals. Journal of Scholarly Publishing, 49(1), 66-88. doi:10.3138/jsp.49.1.66
Cerny, B. A., & Kaiser, H. F. (1977). A study of a measure of sampling adequacy for fac-tor-analytic correlation matrices. Multivariate behavioral research, 12(1), 43-47.
Chan, C. M. L. (2013). From Open Data to Open Innovation Strategies: Creating E-Services Using Open Government Data. Paper presented at the 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences.
Chien, C.-Y., Hung, C.-H., Day, M.-Y., Lin, Y.-T., & Yang, C.-Y. (2016). Developing Four Stars Election Open Data in RDF. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the The 3rd Multidisciplinary International Social Networks Conference on SocialInformatics 2016, Data Science 2016 - MISNC, SI, DS 2016.
Cordella, A. (2007). E-government: towards the e-bureaucratic form? Journal of Information Technology, 22(3), 265-274. doi:10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000105
Cordis, A. S., & Warren, P. L. (2014). Sunshine as disinfectant: The effect of state Freedom of Information Act laws on public corruption. Journal of Public Economics, 115, 18-36.
Danneels, L., Viaene, S., & Van den Bergh, J. (2017). Open data platforms: Discussing alter-native knowledge epistemologies. Government Information Quarterly, 34(3), 365-378. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2017.08.007
Davies, T. (2010). Open data, democracy and public sector reform. A look at open government data use from data. gov. uk.
Dekkers, M., Polman, F., te Velde, R., & de Vries, M. (2006). Measuring European Public Sector Information Resources. Final Report of Study on Exploitation of public sector information–benchmarking of EU framework conditions.
Ding, L., DiFranzo, D., Graves, A., Michaelis, J. R., Li, X., McGuinness, D. L., & Hendler, J. (2010, March). Data-gov wiki: Towards linking government data. In 2010 AAAI Spring Symposium Series.
Eberius, J., Thiele, M., Braunschweig, K., & Lehner, W. (2012). DrillBeyond: enabling business analysts to explore the web of open data. Proceedings of the VLDB Endowment, 5(12), 1978-1981.
Eckartz, S., van den Broek, T., & Ooms, M. (2016). Open Data Innovation Capabilities: To-wards a Framework of How to Innovate with Open Data. In Electronic Government (pp. 47-60).
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics.
Gascó-Hernández, M., Martin, E. G., Reggi, L., Pyo, S., & Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2018). Pro-moting the use of open government data: Cases of training and engagement. Govern-ment Information Quarterly, 35(2), 233-242. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2018.01.003
Gurstein, M. B. (2011). Open data: Empowering the empowered or effective data use for everyone?. First Monday, 16(2).
Gurstein, M. (2013). Should “Open Government Data” be a product or a service (and why does it matter). Gurstein’s Community Informatics, 3.
Hair, J. F. (2010). Black, Wc, Babin, Bj, & Anderson, Re (2010). Multivariate data analysis, 7.
Harper, L. M., & Kim, Y. (2018). Attitudinal, normative, and resource factors affecting psy-chologists’ intentions to adopt an open data badge: An empirical analysis. Internation-al Journal of Information Management, 41, 23-32. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2018.03.001
Harrison, T. M., Guerrero, S., Burke, G. B., Cook, M., Cresswell, A., Helbig, N., ... & Pardo, T. (2012). Open government and e-government: Democratic challenges from a public value perspective. Information Polity, 17(2), 83-97.
Hong, S. J., & Tam, K. Y. (2006). Understanding the adoption of multipurpose infor-mation appliances: The case of mobile data services. Information systems re-search, 17(2), 162-179.
Hossain, M. D., Moon, J., Kim, J. K., & Choe, Y. C. (2011). Impacts of organizational assimilation of e-government systems on business value creation: A structuration theory approach. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 10(5), 576-594.
Hsu, C.-S., Peng, Y.-H., & Huang, P.-C. (2015). Climate Tracking for Farmland using Open Data from the Central Weather Bureau in Taiwan. Journal of Advances in Information Technology, 227-232. doi:10.12720/jait.6.4.227-232
Huijboom, N., & Van den Broek, T. (2011). Open data: an international comparison of strategies. European journal of ePractice, 12(1), 4-16.
Jaeger, P. T., Bertot, J. C., & Shilton, K. (2012). Information Policy and Social Media: Fram-ing Government—Citizen Web 2.0 Interactions. In Web 2.0 Technologies and Demo-cratic Governance (pp. 11-25).
Janssen, K. (2011). The influence of the PSI directive on open government data: An overview of recent developments. Government Information Quarterly, 28(4), 446-456. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2011.01.004
Janssen, M., Charalabidis, Y., & Zuiderwijk, A. (2012). Benefits, Adoption Barriers and Myths of Open Data and Open Government. Information Systems Management, 29(4), 258-268. doi:10.1080/10580530.2012.716740
Jetzek, T., Avital, M., & Bjørn-Andersen, N. (2013). Generating value from open government data. Thirty Fourth International Conference on Information Systems, Milan 2013.
Jetzek, T., Avital, M., & Bjorn-Andersen, N. (2014). Data-Driven Innovation through Open Government Data. Journal of theoretical and applied electronic commerce research, 9(2), 15-16. doi:10.4067/s0718-18762014000200008
Kassen, M. (2013). A promising phenomenon of open data: A case study of the Chicago open data project. Government Information Quarterly, 30(4), 508-513. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2013.05.012
Kline, R. B. (2010). Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling, Series Editor’s Note by Todd D. Little.
Kolstad, I., & Wiig, A. (2009). Is Transparency the Key to Reducing Corruption in Re-source-Rich Countries? World Development, 37(3), 521-532. doi:10.1016/j.worlddev.2008.07.002
Lakomaa, E., & Kallberg, J. (2013). Open Data as a Foundation for Innovation: The Enabling Effect of Free Public Sector Information for Entrepreneurs. IEEE Access, 1, 558-563. doi:10.1109/access.2013.2279164
Lee, G., & Kwak, Y. H. (2012). An Open Government Maturity Model for social me-dia-based public engagement. Government Information Quarterly, 29(4), 492-503. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2012.06.001
Lee, S. M., Hwang, T., & Choi, D. (2012). Open innovation in the public sector of leading countries. Management decision, 50(1), 147-162.
Li, C., & Hsia, P. F. (2016). The open data application on determining main types of activities to predict tourist population and ticket sales in Taiwan National Forestry Recreation Areas. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the The 3rd Multidisciplinary Interna-tional Social Networks Conference on SocialInformatics 2016, Data Science 2016 - MISNC, SI, DS 2016.
Linders, D., & Wilson, S. C. (2011, June). What is open government?: one year after the directive. In Proceedings of the 12th Annual International Digital Govern-ment Research Conference: Digital Government Innovation in Challenging Times (pp. 262-271). ACM.
Lindgren, I. (2013). A study on who matters for public e-service development and im-plementation. Linköping, Sweden: Linköping University.
Liu, X., Song, Y., Wu, K., Wang, J., Li, D., & Long, Y. (2015). Understanding urban China with open data. Cities, 47, 53-61. doi:10.1016/j.cities.2015.03.006
MacCallum, R. C., & Hong, S. (1997). Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32(2), 193-210.
Maccani, G., Donnellan, B., & Helfert, M. (2015). Open Data Diffusion for Service Innovation: An Inductive Case Study on Cultural Open Data Services. In PACIS (p. 173).
Magalhaes, G., & Roseira, C. (2017). Open government data and the private sector: An empirical view on business models and value creation. Government Infor-mation Quarterly.
National Development Council. (2018). Retrieved from https://www.ndc.gov.tw/en/
Neuman, K. (2017). Canadian Millennials Social Values Study. Retrieved January 25, 2019, from https://www.environicsinstitute.org/docs/default-source/project-documents/canadian-millennial-social-values-study/final-report.pdf?sfvrsn=394cf27a_2
Oliveira, J., Delgado, C., & Assaife, A. C. (2017). A recommendation approach for consum-ing linked open data. Expert Systems with Applications, 72, 407-420. doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2016.10.037
Pantano, E., Priporas, C.-V., & Stylos, N. (2017). ‘You will like it!’ using open data to predict tourists' response to a tourist attraction. Tourism Management, 60, 430-438. doi:10.1016/j.tourman.2016.12.020
Peled, A. (2011). When transparency and collaboration collide: The USA Open Data program. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 62(11), 2085-2094. doi:10.1002/asi.21622
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended reme-dies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879.
Pol, E., & Ville, S. (2009). Social innovation: Buzz word or enduring term? The Journal of Socio-Economics, 38(6), 878-885. doi:10.1016/j.socec.2009.02.011
Robinson, M. A. (2017). Using multi‐item psychometric scales for research and practice in hu-man resource management. Human Resource Management, 57(3), 739-750.
Rothstein, B. (2011). The quality of government: Corruption, social trust, and inequality in in-ternational perspective. University of Chicago Press.
Ruijer, E., Grimmelikhuijsen, S., Hogan, M., Enzerink, S., Ojo, A., & Meijer, A. (2017). Connecting societal issues, users and data. Scenario-based design of open data plat-forms. Government Information Quarterly, 34(3), 470-480. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2017.06.003
Ruijer, E., Grimmelikhuijsen, S., & Meijer, A. (2017). Open data for democracy: Developing a theoretical framework for open data use. Government Information Quarterly, 34(1), 45-52. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2017.01.001
Sadiq, S., & Indulska, M. (2017). Open data: Quality over quantity. International Journal of Information Management, 37(3), 150-154. doi:10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2017.01.003
Scholl, H. J., & Luna-Reyes, L. F. (2011, January). Uncovering dynamics of open government, transparency, participation, and collaboration. In System Sciences (HICSS), 2011 44th Hawaii International Conference on (pp. 1-11). IEEE.
Sethi, N., & Sethi, V. (2008). E-government implementation: a case study of Dubai e-government. E-Government in Practice.
Talukder, M. S., Shen, L., Hossain Talukder, M. F., & Bao, Y. (2018). Determinants of user acceptance and use of open government data (OGD): An empirical investigation in Bangladesh. Technology in Society. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.09.013
Thorsby, J., Stowers, G. N. L., Wolslegel, K., & Tumbuan, E. (2017). Understanding the content and features of open data portals in American cities. Government Information Quarterly, 34(1), 53-61. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2016.07.001
Tolbert, C. J., & Mossberger, K. (2006). The effects of e‐government on trust and confidence in government. Public administration review, 66(3), 354-369.
Ubaldi, B. (2013), "Open Government Data: Towards Empirical Analysis of Open Government Data Initiatives", OECD Working Papers on Public Governance, No. 22, OECD Publishing, Paris, https://doi.org/10.1787/5k46bj4f03s7-en.
Vargo, S. L., & Lusch, R. F. (2017). Service-dominant logic 2025. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 34(1), 46-67. doi:10.1016/j.ijresmar.2016.11.001
Wang, H.-J., & Lo, J. (2016). Adoption of open government data among government agen-cies. Government Information Quarterly, 33(1), 80-88. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2015.11.004
Wijnhoven, F., Ehrenhard, M., & Kuhn, J. (2015). Open government objectives and participa-tion motivations. Government Information Quarterly, 32(1), 30-42. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2014.10.002
Yang, T. M. (2012, October). From inter-agency information sharing to open data: A case study of Taiwan E-government. In Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance (pp. 477-478). ACM.
Yang, T.-M., Lo, J., Wang, H.-J., & Shiang, J. (2013). Open data development and val-ue-added government information. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the 7th In-ternational Conference on Theory and Practice of Electronic Governance - ICEGOV '13.
Yang, T.-M., & Wu, Y.-J. (2016). Examining the socio-technical determinants influencing government agencies' open data publication: A study in Taiwan. Government Infor-mation Quarterly, 33(3), 378-392. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2016.05.003
Yang, Z., & Kankanhalli, A. (2013, June). Innovation in government services: The case of open data. In International Working Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT (pp. 644-651). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg.
Yu, C.-C. (2015). A value-centric business model framework for managing open data applica-tions. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 26(1-2), 80-115. doi:10.1080/10919392.2015.1125175
Yu, H., & Robinson, D. G. (2011). The new ambiguity of open government. UCLA L. Rev. Discourse, 59, 178.
Zeleti, F. A., & Ojo, A. (2016). Open data value capability architecture. Information Systems Frontiers, 19(2), 337-360. doi:10.1007/s10796-016-9711-5
Zeti, C. F., Bartalis, A. M., Dobre, A. C., & Pitu, C. I. (2017). The Role of Data Opening In Creating Added Value. Annals-Economy Series, 6, 177-182.
Zheutlin, A. R., & Byrd, J. B. (2018). Opening Opportunities With Open Data. JACC Heart Fail, 6(6), 530-532. doi:10.1016/j.jchf.2017.12.019
Zuiderwijk, A., & Janssen, M. (2014). Open data policies, their implementation and impact: A framework for comparison. Government Information Quarterly, 31(1), 17-29. doi:10.1016/j.giq.2013.04.003
Zuiderwijk, A., Janssen, M., van de Kaa, G., Poulis, K., Zhang, J., & Kim, Y. (2016). The wicked problem of commercial value creation in open data ecosystems: Policy guide-lines for governments. Information Polity, 21(3), 223-236. doi:10.3233/ip-160391