自2019年Covid-19大流行以來，許多的相關研究報告陸續發表，大部分研究是微觀分析，都是以開發中國家某地區的生態旅遊受疫情影響作為研究主題。本研究計劃以宏觀角度，就發達國家美國的國家公園為背景，就疫情大流行對其生態旅遊、生物多樣性和生態保育的影響進行全面的分析，特別關注生態旅遊發展的變化、棲息地管理遇到的挑戰以及對生態保育生物多樣性的影響。通過研究COVID-19流行對生態環境的多方面影響，為生物多樣性保護、棲息地保育和生態旅遊可持續發展的短期和長期影響提供有價值的見解。
研究採用德爾菲法，篩選國家公園專業的Rangers作為專家小組，以專家的實務經驗與專業背景作為意見評估的根據。同時依文獻資訊與專家建議評估並分類了疫情影響範圍的幾個重大關鍵面向，包括涉及植被、入侵物種、景觀動態、生態系統結構和功能、旗艦物種和對生態演替和人類行為的干擾等影響和後果。研究結果為生態旅遊危機管理領域提供了新知識，並為旨在減輕負面影響的進一步研究指引可能的方向。此外，還討論後疫情時代對未來危機的抵禦能力的潛在戰略和適應措施。
為了確定 COVID-19 大流行的影響，採用了德爾菲法Delphi Method前後兩個回合的問卷調查，由對生態旅遊、棲息地管理和生物多樣性有全面了解的美國國家公園Rangers組成本研究的專家小組團隊。德爾菲法是一種迭代和結構化的方法，可以通過團隊捕捉不同的觀點並綜合集體的專家知識來嚴格檢查其有效性，並以統計方法確保其共識結果的穩定性及一致性。
本研究先確定疫情可能的影響，並將其分為 7個不同的分類領域，包括旅遊活動減少、經濟收入下降以及各個積極和消極相關的生態環境影響等不同關鍵領域，也包括生態演替和人類干擾行為的不同影響。通過對這些影響分類，本研究藉著德爾菲法的專家團隊全面了解所面臨的挑戰，為生態旅遊危機管理提供了寶貴的見解。此外，已確定共識的影響可以作為進一步研究的基礎，也可以作為製定減輕生態保育負面影響的管理策略。討論部分還強調了在應對未來危機、確保生態旅遊、棲息地管理和生物多樣性等工作的健全發展，管理單位需要擬定長期可行性政策方針的重要性。

The COVID-19 pandemic has had extensive global repercussions, profoundly affecting various sectors, including ecotourism, habitat management, and conservation biology. Since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic in 2019, numerous relevant research reports have been published. The majority of these studies focus on micro-level analyses, often centered around the impact of the pandemic on ecotourism in specific regions of developing countries. This research project takes a macro-level approach, utilizing the backdrop of national parks in developed countries, such as the United States, to comprehensively analyze the effects of the pandemic on ecological tourism, biodiversity, and conservation.
This analysis specifically delves into changes in the development of ecological tourism, challenges faced in habitat management, and the implications for both conservation and biodiversity. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the pandemic's effects on these interconnected fields, with a particular focus on the changes in ecotourism practices, challenges encountered in habitat management, and implications for conservation biology. By examining the multifaceted impacts of the pandemic, this research aims to provide valuable insights into the short-term and long-term consequences for biodiversity conservation, habitat preservation, and the sustainable development of ecotourism.
Employing the Delphi technique, a rigorous assessment identified and categorized several significant effects across key domains, encompassing the decreased number of on-duty rangers, reduced tourist activity, declined income for goods and service suppliers catering to tourists, and both positive and negative environmental consequences involving vegetation, invasive species, landscape dynamics, ecosystem structure and functioning, hierarchy, characteristic alterations, competition, flagship species, and wider consequences and impacts on ecological succession and human behaviors. The findings contribute novel knowledge to the field of ecotourism crisis management and provide a foundation for further research focused on mitigating the negative effects. Moreover, potential strategies and adaptations to enhance resilience in the face of future crises are discussed.

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