研究背景與目的：知動能力(psychomotor ability)是個體執行日常活動的重要基礎，雖然許多研究已證實精神分裂症患者存在知動缺損的問題，然而對患者的知動能力探討仍缺乏多面向與完整性。故本研究目的為：(一)以一套根據文獻回顧整理出的知動能力評估工具組完整評估患者的知動能力之後，以群聚分析探索患者在三個知動向度(精細動作、粗動作、處理速度)表現上是否會出現不同的類型，與(二)以區辨分析探討患者的人口統計學資料、藥物CPZ當量值、症狀、以及一般認知能力對於所得之知動類型的區辨力。

研究方法：從南台灣醫院招募96名18-35歲、服用或注射抗精神病藥物達足夠日劑量(相當於Chlorpromazine 300 mg以上) 4週以上、且通過錐體外症狀評量表與簡短式智能評估標準的精神分裂症患者作為研究對象，評估其症狀(使用活性與負性症狀量表)與知動能力(使用麥凱倫神經肌肉發展評量、數字符號替代測驗、與符號尋找測驗)之後，以群聚分析與區辨分析進行資料統計。

研究結果：研究結果包含二點：(一)患者在三向度的知動表現上會出現明顯五種知動表現類型，與(二)人口統計學資料、藥物CPZ當量值、症狀、以及一般認知能力的正確區辨率為52 %，具有中等程度的區辨力，且相關因子當中以認知、症狀、性別、與生病年數的區辨力達顯著水準。

結論：本研究將原本異質性高的患者知動表現分類出組內同質性高的五種類型，有利於臨床應用與未來研究。

Background and Purpose: Psychomotor ability is an essential foundation for performing activities of daily living. Many studies have reported that psychomotor deficiency was common in schizophrenic patients. However, there is insufficient research in terms of the multidimention aspects of psychomotor abilities. Therefore, the purposes of this study were: (1) evaluating the psychomotor ability of schizophrenic patients by using a set of assessment instruments based on literature reviews, and then exploring whether their psychomotor performances could be divided into different types by using a cluster analysis, and (2) investigating whether these classified psychomotor types could be explained by the demographics, daily dosage of neuroleptic medication, symptoms, and general cognitive ability by using a discriminant analysis.

Methods: Ninety-six schizophrenic patients who were 18-35 years old, had taken enough daily dosage of antipsychotic drug (equivalent to 300 mg of chlorpromazine) over 4 weeks, passed the Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale (ESRS) and the Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) screening, were recruited in this study. They were evaluated by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND), the Digit Symbol-Coding Test (DSCT), and the Symbol Search Test (SST). Data analysis was made by means of cluster analysis and discriminant analysis.

Results: A five-cluster solution was suggested after the cluster analysis on the basis of the three psychomotor factors (i.e., fine motor, gross motor, and processing speed). Results of the discriminant analysis revealed that 52 % of participants were correctly classified. The general cognitive ability, symptoms, gender, and duration of illness were identified as the significant factors which were used to discriminate those five psychomotor types.

Conclusion: The outcomes of this study showed that heterogeneous psychomotor ability of schizophrenic people could be divided into five homogeneous types. These results are helpful for clinical implications and future researches.

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