本論文主要是研究菲律賓三位總統，分別是艾奎諾、杜特蒂以及小馬可仕執政期間在面對美國與中國在亞洲的戰略佈局時，會採取何種策略來因應。有鑑於現在的印太地區（亞洲）已經成為美國與中國對抗的核心區域，而在這樣當前國際情勢的背景下，與美國有長期軍事合作，以及與中國有深厚經濟往來的菲律賓更是對美中兩國有重要的戰略地位。
　　
　　在研究方法上，根據新現實主義中的權力互動模式：制衡與扈從，以及新的避險策略，歸納出五種策略模式，分別是傳統制衡策略、避險策略（間接制衡－政治與軍事盟）、避險策略（經濟實用主義）、避險策略（間接制衡－多邊經貿組織）以及傳統扈從策略等，並從政治與經濟層面來分析菲律賓三位總統在面對美國與中國的亞洲戰略時會採取何種策略。
　　
　　從研究結果中可以發現艾奎諾政府利用「扈從」與「經濟實用主義的避險」策略來應對美國在亞洲的戰略佈局；並利用「軍事制衡（結盟）」與「多邊經貿組織的避險」策略來應對中國在亞洲的戰略佈局；杜特蒂政府利用「軍事聯盟的避險」與「經濟實用主義的避險」策略來應對美國在亞洲的戰略佈局；並利用「政治聯盟的避險」與「多邊經貿組織的避險」策略來應對中國在亞洲的戰略佈局；小馬可仕政府利用「政治與軍事聯盟的避險」與「多邊經貿組織的避險」策略來應對美國在亞洲的戰略佈局；並利用「政治聯盟的避險」與「多邊經貿組織的避險」策略來應對中國在亞洲的戰略佈局。

This paper is to study the three presidents of the Philippines, including Aquino Jr.、Duterte and Marcus Jr., what kind of strategies will be used to deal with the confrontation between the United States and China in the Asian region? As the U.S. and China are confronting each other in Asia, it shows the importance of ASEAN, especially the Philippines, which has deep political and economic ties to both the U.S. and China. This paper uses five strategies models to analyze the strategies used by the President of the Philippines, including Balancing、Hedging（political or military alliance）、Hedging（economic pragmatism）、Hedging（multilateral trade organization）and Bandwagoning.

The results show Aquino Jr. uses " Bandwagoning " and " Hedging（economic pragmatism）" strategies to respond to America's strategic arrangement in Asia, and uses " Balancing " and " Hedging（economic pragmatism）" strategies to respond to China's strategic arrangement in Asia；Duterte uses " Hedging（military alliance） " and " Hedging（economic pragmatism）" strategies to respond to America's strategic arrangement in Asia, and uses " Hedging（political alliance）" and " Hedging（multilateral trade organization）" strategies to respond to China's strategic arrangement in Asia；Marcus Jr. uses " Hedging（political and military alliance）" and " Hedging（multilateral trade organization）" strategies to respond to America's strategic arrangement in Asia, and uses " Hedging（political alliance）" and " Hedging（multilateral trade organization）" strategies to respond to China's strategic arrangement in Asia.

一、中文資料

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3、其他網路資料
王文娟，2015。［中國大陸推動「一帶一路」的經濟戰略意涵］。《財團法人海峽兩岸交流基金會》。https://www.sef.org.tw/files/9646/9059B7F2-E1A7-4436-853D-835CBE77059E.pdf（檢索日期 2022-04-15）
天下雜誌，2015。［利之所趨 最後一刻 菲律賓還是加盟了亞投行］。https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5073569 （檢索日期：2022-10-18）
天下雜誌，2015。［關於TPP和RCEP 你應該知道的13件事］。https://www.cw.com.tw/article/5071372（檢索日期：2022-10-25）
中國一帶一路網，2022。［已同中國簽訂共建“一帶一路”合作文件的國家一覽］。https://www.yidaiyilu.gov.cn/xwzx/roll/77298.htm（檢索日期 2022-04-15）
石美倫，2009。［資料蒐集技巧］。https://ctld.ntu.edu.tw/ls/strategy/lecture.php?index=126（檢索日期 2022-05-22）。
台灣經貿網，2019。［新加坡李總理盼通過一帶一路合作助中國大陸和平融入區域］。https://info.taiwantrade.com/biznews/新加坡李總理盼通過一帶一路合作助中國大陸和平融入區域-1790740.html（檢索日期 2022-04-30）
司徒文著，陳以禮譯，台灣獨立建國聯盟官網。［美國重返亞洲政策與台灣的角色］。https://www.wufi.org.tw/美國重返亞洲政策與台灣的角色/（檢索日期 2022-04-22）
李大中，2020。［川普政府「印太區」與「印太戰略」的評估］，《財團法人海峽兩岸交流基金會雜誌，第157期》。https://www.sef.org.tw/article-1-129-4772（檢索日期 2022-04-25）
社團法人高雄市東南亞產學交流協會官方網頁。［菲律賓：從威權政體到民主再造］。http://kaoseas.blogspot.com/p/blog-page_29.html（檢索日期：2022-05-16）
吳安琪，2021。［美國印太戰略最新發展］，《中華經濟研究院東協中心》。https://web.wtocenter.org.tw/Mobile/page.aspx?pid=364161&nid=15483（檢索日期 2022-04-26）
胡志浩，2017。［觀點：「一帶一路」建設中的金融發展機遇］，BBC中文網。https://www.bbc.com/zhongwen/trad/chinese-news-39964113（檢索日期 2022-05-22）
趙文志，2021。［「四方安全對話」（Quad）峰會與美印太戰略觀察］，行政院大陸委員會。https://www.mac.gov.tw/News_Content.aspx?n=78702647C7A5B61B&s=CC7E5E6347A88E1B（檢索日期 2022-04-27）

二、英文資料

（一）期刊
Acharya, Amitav. 2003.〝Will Asia’s Past Be Its Future?〞International Security, 28(3)：150-153.
Acharya, Amitav. 2018.〝The Evolution and Limitations of ASEAN Identity.〞ASEAN @ 50 Volume 4: Building ASEAN Community: Political-Security and Socio-cultural Reflections, 28-31.
Arase, David. 2015. China’s Two Silk Roads Initiative: What It Means for Southeast Asia. Southeast Asian Affairs, 25-45.
Baker, James. 1991.〝America in Asia: Emerging Architecture for a Pacific Community.〞Foreign Affairs, 70(5)：1-18.
Callahan, William. 2016.〝China’s “Asia Dream”: The Belt Road Initiative and the new regional order.〞 Asian Journal of Comparative Politics, 1(3)：226-243.
Cai, Dexian. 2013.〝Hedging for Maximum Flexibility: Singapore’s Pragmatic Approach to Security Relations with the US and China.〞Journal of the singapore armed forces, 39(2)：6-8.
Dellios, Rosita. 2010.〝Global Governance: New Organizational Concepts in a Culturally Diverse System.〞Journal Of Global Business Administration, 2(2)：98-99.
Emmers, R. & Tan, S. 2011.〝The ASEAN Regional Forum and Preventive Diplomacy: Built to Fail?〞Asian Security, 7：44-60.
He, Kai. 2008.〝Institutional Balancing and International Relations Theory: Economic Interdependence and Balance of Power Strategies in Southeast Asia.〞European Journal of International Relations, 14(3)：492-497.
Kang, David. 2003.〝Hierarchy, Balancing, and Empirical Puzzles in Asian International Relations.〞 International Security, 28(3)：169-173.
Koga, Kei. 2018.〝The Concept of “Hedging” Revisited: The Case of Japan's Foreign Policy Strategy in East Asia's Power Shift.〞International Studies Review, 20(4):634-638.
Kuik, Cheng-Chwee, 2008. 〝The Essence of Hedging: Malaysia and Singapore's Response to a Rising China.〞Contemporary Southeast Asia, 30(2): 163-165.
Kuik, Cheng-Chwee., 2012.〝The China Factor in the U.S. “Reengagement” With Southeast Asia: Drivers and Limits of Converged Hedging〞Asian Politics & Policy, 4(3)：335-337.
Kuik, Cheng-Chwee & Gilbert Rozman. 2015.〝Light or Heavy Hedging: Positioning between China and the United States.〞Korea Economic Institute of America, Chapter: Introduction, Publisher: Korea Economic Institute of America.
Liao, Jessica & Dang, Ngoc-Tram. 2019.〝The nexus of security and economic hedging: Vietnam’s strategic response to Japan–China infrastructure financing competition〞The Pacific Review, 33(3-4¬)：669-696.
Nathan Quimpo, 2009.〝The Philippines: predatory regime, growing authoritarian features.〞The Pacific Review, 22(3)：335-353.
Renato De Castro, 2013.〝The Obama Administration's Strategic Pivot to Asia: From a Diplomatic to a Strategic Constrainment of an Emergent China?〞Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 25(3)：335-338.
Renato De Castro, 2014.〝The Aquino Administration's Balancing Policy against an Emergent China: Its Domestic and External Dimensions.〞Pacific Affairs, 87(1)：13-23.
Renato De Castro, 2016.〝The Duterte Administration's Foreign Policy: Unravelling the Aquino Administration's Balancing Agenda on an Emergent 　China.〞SAGA Journals, 35(3).
Renato De Castro, 2019.〝China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and the Duterte Administration’s Appeasement Policy: Examining the Connection Between the Two National Strategies.〞East Asia, 36(1)：1-23.
Renato De Castro, 2020.〝The Limits of Intergovernmentalism: The Philippines’ Changing Strategy in the South China Sea Dispute and Its Impact on the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).〞Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 39(3)：5-8.
Schweller, Randall, 1994.〝Bandwagoning for Profit: Bringing the Revisionist State Back In.〞International Security, 19(1)：72-107.
Saeed, Muhammad, 2017.〝From the Asia-Pacific to the Indo-Pacific.〞China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies, 3(4)：499-512.
Soong, Jenn-Jaw. 2018.〝China’s One Belt and One Road Initiative Meets ASEAN Economic Community: Propelling and Deepening Regional Economic Integration?〞The Chinese Economy, 51(4)：291-297.
Walt, Stephen. 1987. The Origins of Alliance. Cornell University Press.
Yeung, Man-Kwong. 2016.〝Balancing versus bandwagoning : the strategic dilemma of Australia’s China policy.〞 Lingnan University, Master Theses, 33-35.

（二）專書
Arase, David. 2015. China’s Two Silk Roads Initiative: What It Means for Southeast Asia. Turning Points and Transitions.
Morgenthau, Hans. 1948. Politics among Nations: The Struggle for Power and Peace. McGraw-Hill Education.
Waltz, Kenneth. 1959. Man, the State and War A Theoretical Analysis, revised edition. Columbia University Press.
Waltz, Kenneth. 1979. Theory of International Politics. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.
Weitsman, Patricia. 2004. Dangerous Alliances: Proponents of Peace, Weapons of War. Stanford, CA: Stanford University.

（三）網路資料
1、官方資料
AIIB, 2015.〝Introduction.〞https://www.aiib.org/en/about-aiib/index.html（accessed on 2022-10-22）
ADMM, 2017.〝About the ASEAN Defence Ministers.〞https://admm.asean.org/index.php/about-admm/about-admm-plus.html.（accessed on 2022-04-29）
ASEAN, 2012.〝Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea.〞https://asean.org/declaration-on-the-conduct-of-parties-in-the-south-china-sea-2/（accessed on 2022-10-21）
ASEAN, 2014.〝The ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration).〞https://agreement.asean.org › media › download（accessed on 2022-04-28）
ASEAN, 2021.〝ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific.〞https://asean.org › wp-content › uploads › 2021/01（accessed on 2022-04-30）
Clinton, Hillary, 2010.〝Remarks at Press Availability.〞U.S. Department of State. https://20092017.state.gov/secretary/20092013clinton/rm/2010/07/145095.htm.（accessed on 2022-10-18）Council on Foreign Relations, 2021.〝What’s Next for the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP)?〞https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/what-trans-pacific-partnership-tpp（accessed on 2022-10-20）
GOVPH, 1947.〝Message of President Roxas to the Senate on the Agreement Concerning American Military Bases in the Philippines.〞https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1947/03/17/message-of-president-roxas-to-the-senate-on-the-agreement-concerning-american-military-bases-in-the-philippines/（accessed on 2022-10-19）
GOVPH, 1951.〝Mutual Defense Treaty between the Republic of the Philippines and the United States of America.〞https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1951/08/30/mutual-defense-treaty-between-the-republic-of-the-philippines-and-the-united-states-of-america-august-30-1951/（accessed on 2022-10-19）
GOVPH, 2016.〝The Philippines is on Track to be A Full Member of the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.〞https://dfa.gov.ph/authentication-functions/78-newsroom/dfa-releases/11209-the-philippines-is-on-track-to-be-a-full-member-of-the-asian-infrastructure-investment-bank（accessed on 2022-10-22）
GOVPH, 2022.〝Marcos Jr administration to strengthen ties with China, SEA countries.〞https://www.dti.gov.ph/news/marcos-jr-administration-to-strengthen-ties-with-china-sea-countries/（accessed on 2022-10-30）
GOVPH, 2022.〝Remarks of President Rodrigo Roa Duterte to be delivered by Secretary Ramon M. Lopez on the Occasion of the Virtual Launch of the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework.〞https://www.dti.gov.ph/speeches/prrd-remarks-delivered-by-secretary-ramon-lopez-ipef/（accessed on 2022-10-25）
GOVPH, 2022.〝Speech of President Ferdinand “Bongbong” Romualdez Marcos Jr. during his Inauguration.〞https://ops.gov.ph/presidential-speech/speech-of-president-ferdinand-bongbong-romualdez-marcos-jr-during-his-inauguration/（accessed on 2022-10-28）
GOVPH, 2022.〝Speech by President Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr. at the Meeting with Asia Society.〞https://ops.gov.ph/presidential-speech/speech-by-president-ferdinand-romualdez-marcos-jr-at-the-meeting-with-asia-society-with-qa/（accessed on 2022-10-30）
Ministry of External Affairs Government of India, 2017.〝Joint Statement - United States and India: Prosperity Through Partnership.〞https://mea.gov.in/bilateral-documents.htm?dtl/28560/United_States_and_India_Prosperity_Through_Partnership.（accessed on 2022-04-26）
National Security Strategy of the United States of America, 2017. Page 45-47. https://trumpwhitehouse.archives.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/NSS-Final-12-18-2017-0905.pdf.（accessed on 2022-04-26）
Office of the United States Trade Representative, 2015.〝Summary of the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement.〞https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2015/october/summary-trans-pacific-partnership（accessed on 2022-10-20）
State Council of the People’s Republic of China, 2022.〝RCEP to benefit China and the world.〞https://english.www.gov.cn/news/videos/202201/01/content_WS61cfc871c6d09c94e48a304d.html（accessed on 2022-10-27）
The Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), 2019.〝The Evolution of U.S.–Vietnam Ties.〞https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/evolution-us-vietnam-ties.（accessed on 2022-05-05）
The Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2015.〝Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.〞https://www.dfat.gov.au/international-relations/international-organisations/multilateral-development-banks/asian-infrastructure-investment-bank（accessed on 2022-10-22）
The White House, 2015.〝FACT SHEET: Advancing the Rebalance to Asia and the Pacific.〞https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2015/11/16/fact-sheet-advancing-rebalance-asia-and-pacific.（accessed on 2022-10-18）
The White House, 2021.〝Interim National Security Guidance.〞https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/NSC-1v2.pdf（accessed on 2022-04-27）
The White House, 2022,〝INDO- PACIFIC STRATEGY.〞https://www.whitehouse.gov › uploads › 2022/02.（accessed on 2022-04-27）
The White House, 2022.〝Remarks by National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan on the Biden-⁠Harris Administration’s National Security Strategy. https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speeches-remarks/2022/10/13/remarks-by-national-security-advisor-jake-sullivan-on-the-biden-harris-administrations-national-security-strategy/（accessed on 2022-10-28）
United States Department of Defense, 2021.〝Philippine President Restores Visiting Forces Agreement With U.S.〞https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/2713638/philippine-president-restores-visiting-forces-agreement-with-us/（accessed on 2022-10-19）
U.S. Department of Defense, 2022.〝Department of Defense Releases its 2022 Strategic Reviews – National Defense Strategy, Nuclear Posture Review, and Missile Defense Review.〞https://www.defense.gov/News/Releases/Release/Article/3201683/department-of-defense-releases-its-2022-strategic-reviews-national-defense-stra/（accessed on 2022-10-28）
U.S. Department of Defense, 2022.〝2022 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America Including the 2022 Nuclear Posture Review and the 2022 Missile Defense Review.〞https://media.defense.gov/2022/Oct/27/2003103845/-1/-1/1/2022-NATIONAL-DEFENSE-STRATEGY-NPR-MDR.PDF（accessed on 2022-10-29）
U.S. Department of State, 2022.〝Deputy Secretary Sherman’s Meeting with Philippine President-Elect Marcos, Jr.〞https://www.state.gov/deputy-secretary-shermans-meeting-with-philippine-president-elect-marcos-jr/（accessed on 2022-10-29）
U.S. Department of State, 2022.〝Secretary Antony J. Blinken And Philippine President Ferdinand Romualdez Marcos Jr. Before Their Meeting.〞https://www.state.gov/secretary-antony-j-blinken-and-philippine-president-ferdinand-romualdez-marcos-jr-before-their-meeting/（accessed on 2022-10-29）
USTR, 2022.〝The Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity: Biden-Harris Administration’s Negotiating Goals for the Connected Economy (Trade) Pillar.〞https://ustr.gov/about-us/policy-offices/press-office/press-releases/2022/september/indo-pacific-economic-framework-prosperity-biden-harris-administrations-negotiating-goals-connected（accessed on 2022-10-25）

2、新聞媒體與智庫
ABS-CBN NEWS, 2016.〝Facts on Aquino's legacy as Philippine president.〞https://news.abs-cbn.com/nation/06/30/16/facts-on-aquinos-legacy-as-philippine-president.（accessed on 2022-05-16）
ABS-CBN NEWS, 2022.〝DFA chief Manalo: West PH Sea issue not sum total of PH-China ties〞https://news.abs-cbn.com/spotlight/10/13/22/manalo-west-ph-sea-issue-not-sum-total-of-ph-china-ties（accessed on 2022-10-30）
Bloomberg, 2022.〝Incoming Philippine president Marcos Jr wants trade not aid from US.〞https://www.businesslive.co.za/bloomberg/news/2022-05-23-incoming-philippine-president-marcos-jr-wants-trade-not-aid-from-us/（accessed on 2022-10-29）
Bloomberg, 2022.〝Marcos Jr. Wants ‘Trade, Not Aid’ From US, Open to Economic Pact.〞https://www.bnnbloomberg.ca/marcos-jr-wants-trade-not-aid-from-us-open-to-economic-pact-1.1769439（accessed on 2022-10-30）
Business Times, 2015.〝Philippines' Aquino says wants to join Trans-Pacific Partnership.〞https://www.businesstimes.com.sg/government-economy/philippines-aquino-says-wants-to-join-trans-pacific-partnership（accessed on 2022-10-20）
CNN, 2017.〝Trump and Modi share hugs, promise closer ties in White House meeting.〞https://edition.cnn.com/2017/06/26/politics/trump-narendra-modi-india/index.html（accessed on 2022-10-23）
CSIS, 2014.〝Assessing the Asia-Pacific Rebalance.〞page 4. https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fspublic/legacy_files/files/publication/150105_Berteau_AssessingAsiaPacificRebal_Web.pdf.（accessed on 2022-10-19）Goodman, Matthew, & Arasasingham, Aidan, 2022.〝Regional Perspectives on the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework.〞CSIS. https://www.csis.org/analysis/regional-perspectives-indo-pacific-economic-framework（accessed on 2022-04-27）
Global Times, 2022.〝US' hasty diplomacy in the Pacific is led with impure intentions, and can't solve regional problems.〞https://www.globaltimes.cn/page/202209/1274596.shtml（accessed on 2022-10-29）
Hillman, Jonathan, 2016.〝OBOR on the Ground: Evaluating Chinas“One Belt, One Road”Initiative at the Project Level.〞CSIS. https://www.csis.org/analysis/obor-ground-evaluating-chinas-one-belt-one-road-initiative-project-level.（accessed on 2022-05-05）
Manila Times, 2022.〝Marcos to Biden: We are your partner, ally, friend.〞https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/09/23/news/marcos-to-biden-we-are-your-partner-ally-friend/1859527（accessed on 2022-10-29）
Manila Times, 2022.〝PH should keep talking to China.〞https://www.manilatimes.net/2022/09/11/opinion/editorial/ph-should-keep-talking-to-china/1858043（accessed on 2022-10-30）
Petri, Peter, & Plummer, Michael, 2020.〝RCEP: A new trade agreement that will shape global economics and politics.〞Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2020/11/16/rcep-a-new-trade-agreement-that-will-shape-global-economics-and-politics/（accessed on 2022-10-27）
Poling, Gregory, 2022.〝The Return of the Marcoses and the U.S.-Philippines Alliance.〞CSIS . https://www.csis.org/analysis/return-marcoses-and-us-philippines-alliance. （accessed on 2022-05-17）
Renato De Castro, 2020.〝Duterte's Decision to Scrap the VFA: Whimsical or Insidious?〞CSIS . https://amti.csis.org/dutertes-decision-to-scrap-the-vfa-whimsical-or-insidious/（accessed on 2022-10-24）
The New York Times, 1991.〝PHILIPPINE SENATE VOTES TO REJECT U.S. BASE RENEWAL.〞https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/16/world/philippine-senate-votes-to-reject-us-base-renewal.html（accessed on 2022-10-19）
The Wall Street Journal, 2022.〝Biden’s National Security Strategy Is Undone by Fantasy.〞https://www.wsj.com/articles/bidens-strategy-is-undone-by-fantasy-national-security-china-climate-change-threat-beijing-white-house-ccp-11666549038（accessed on 2022-10-29）
The Washington Post, 1991.〝BASE TREATY REJECTED BY PHILIPPINES.〞https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/09/17/base-treaty-rejected-by-philippines/e90c9f09-9de3-4b1c-94ec-116ff06c63cf/（accessed on 2022-10-19）

3、其他網路資料
Agency, Anadolu, 2018.〝Philippines can’t afford war with China: Duterte.〞https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/philippines-can-t-afford-war-with-china-duterte/1154133（accessed on 2022-10-26）
Ashurst, 2015.〝Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: added momentum for Asian infrastructure?〞https://www.ashurst.com/en/news-and-insights/legal-updates/asian-infrastructure-investment-bank-added-momentum-for-asian/（accessed on 2022-10-22）
Bisco, J. E. 2016 .〝Investing on Preventive Diplomacy: How ASEAN can Generate Soft Power through Its Peacemaking Mechanism. https://papers.iafor.org/submission31364/.（accessed on 2022-04-28）
Brunnstrom, David, 2014.〝Manila will have to join Asia-Pacific trade bloc one day–minister.〞Reuters. https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-trade-philippines-tpp-idUKBREA3A00720140411（accessed on 2022-10-20）
China Power, 2017.〝How Much Trade Transits the South China Sea?〞https://chinapower.csis.org/much-trade-transits-south-china-sea/（accessed on 2022-10-21）
Cliton, Bill. 2001.〝Building a Pacific Community.〞https://1997-2001.state.gov/regions/eap/930707.html.（accessed on 2022-04-21）
Clinton, Hillary, 2010.〝America’s Pacific Century.〞Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2011/10/11/americas-pacific-century/（accessed on 2022-10-19）
Curran, James, 2021.〝Understanding Trumps “Indo-Pacific Strategic Framework"〞USSC. https://www.ussc.edu.au/analysis/understanding-trumps-indo-pacific-strategic-framework（accessed on 2022-10-24）
Daily Sabah, 2022.〝New era for China and ASEAN relations: RCEP.〞https://www.dailysabah.com/opinion/op-ed/new-era-for-china-and-asean-relations-rcep（accessed on 2022-10-30）
Ford, Lindsey, 2020.〝The Trump administration and the Free and Open Indo-Pacific.〞Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/fp_20200505_free_open_indo_pacific.pdf（accessed on 2022-10-25）
George, W. Bush. 1999. 〝A Distinctly American Internationalism.〞 https://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/bush/wspeech.htm.（accessed on 2022-04-21）
Geoff, Wade.〝Chinas One Belt, One Road initiative. Parliament of Australia.〞https://www.aph.gov.au/about_parliament/parliamentary_departments/parliamentary_library/pubs/briefingbook45p/chinasroad.（accessed on 2022-04-18）
Grossman, Derek, 2021.〝Duterte’s Dalliance With China Is Over.〞Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/11/02/duterte-china-philippines-united-states-defense-military-geopolitics/. （accessed on 2022-05-17）
Grossman, Derek, 2022.〝New Philippine President Marcos Is No Duterte on Foreign Policy.〞Foreign Policy. https://foreignpolicy.com/2022/05/10/marcos-bongbong-philippines-election-president-duterte-china-us-foreign-policy/.（accessed on 2022-05-17）
Heydarian, Richard, 2014.〝Philippines' Infrastructure Conundrum: Prematurely Hosting the World Economic Forum?.〞https://www.huffpost.com/entry/philippines-infrastructure-world-economic-forum_b_5374899（accessed on 2022-10-22）
Heydarian, Richard, 2015.〝The Philippines’ Dilemma on China’s New Infrastructure Bank.〞The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2015/07/the-philippines-dilemma-on-chinas-new-infrastructure-bank/（accessed on 2022-10-22）
Heydarian, Richard, 2022.〝Marcos Jr. is putting on a deceptive new front.〞IPS-Journal. https://www.ips-journal.eu/topics/foreign-and-security-policy/marcos-jr-is-putting-on-a-deceptive-new-front-6236/（accessed on 2022-10-29）
Heydarian, Richard, 2022.〝Philippine Foreign Policy After Duterte.〞The Diplomat. https://thediplomat.com/2022/03/philippine-foreign-policy-after-duterte/.（accessed on 2022-05-17）
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