隨著半導體封裝測試製程朝向高精度、高效率與自動化發展，製程品質監控仍是維持產品可靠度與良率穩定的重要關鍵。然而，在實際生產現場中，品質監控作業不僅受到製程狀態影響，也常受到短期人力資源限制之影響，例如工程師請假、輪班支援、臨時調度或同時需處理多項異常警報等情形。當人力不足時，若仍採用傳統固定管制界線，可能造成警報處理排隊、等待時間增加與人員負荷過高；反之，若在製程高度穩定的情況下仍維持過於嚴格的警報標準，亦可能產生過多誤報，造成不必要之檢驗與等待成本。本研究以半導體封裝測試階段之晶背研磨厚度檢驗製程為研究對象，探討在短期人力資源受限情境下，如何依據現場可用工程師人數與警報處理能力，判斷是否適度放寬管制圖之管制界線。本研究以管制界線係數作為主要決策變數，並結合經濟設計概念與適應性管制圖架構，建構一套考量人力限制之管制圖經濟設計模型。模型中將警報等待處理成本、排除可歸屬原因成本、失控狀態生產損失成本，以及抽樣與檢驗成本納入單位時間平均成本函數，並以排隊理論描述工程師人力有限時，警報需等待處理所產生之延遲與成本。透過適應性與經濟設計方式建構數學模型，分析短期人力資源受限下最適管制界線之設定。由於案例製程能力大於4，顯示製程具有高度穩定性，因此放寬管制界線並非改變產品規格，而是調整管制圖異常警報之判斷界線。最後，透過實際案例驗證模型可行性，並進行敏感度分析，以了解不同人力與成本參數對總成本之影響。

As semiconductor packaging and testing processes continue to pursue higher precision and automation, process quality monitoring remains essential for maintaining product quality and yield. However, short-term manpower constraints caused by shift adjustments, temporary assignments, or employee leave may reduce engineers’ alarm-handling capacity and increase operational costs. Under such conditions, conventional control charts with fixed control limits may generate excessive alarms, resulting in longer waiting times and higher manpower burdens. This study investigates the adaptive economic design of X-bar control charts under short-term human resource constraints using a wafer backside grinding thickness inspection process as a case study. The control limit coefficient is selected as the primary decision variable, and an economic design model integrating adaptive control chart concepts and M/M/c queueing theory is developed. The model considers alarm waiting costs, assignable-cause investigation costs, out-of-control production loss costs, and sampling and inspection costs to minimize the expected cost per unit time. The results show that when manpower is limited, appropriately relaxing control limits can effectively reduce false alarms and waiting costs while maintaining satisfactory monitoring performance. A real-world semiconductor case study and sensitivity analysis are conducted to validate the proposed model and evaluate the impact of manpower and cost parameters on total cost.

張凱鈞(2019)受限於短期人力短缺下之 X-bar 管制圖之適應性經濟設計.國立成功大學碩士論文.
薛博元(2021) 探討輪胎製造商有限人力資源下的適應性管制圖經濟設計個案研究.國立成功大學碩士論文.
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