簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 葉建鋒
Feng, Yeh-Chieh
論文名稱: 渦流流量計信號與性能分析
Signal and Performance Analysis of a Vortex Flowmeter
指導教授: 苗君易
Miau, Jiun-Jih
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics
論文出版年: 2003
畢業學年度: 91
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 131
中文關鍵詞: 濾波器不確定度渦流流量計
外文關鍵詞: Filter, Uncertainty, Vortex Flowmeter
相關次數: 點閱:69下載:5
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 本研究之目的在於以不同渦流溢放頻率計算方法分析自行開發之T型渦流流量計的量測不確定度,該渦流流量計原型,除採用傳統脈波累計方式求得累計流量並顯示於液晶螢幕LCD外,尚可提供弦波信號及方波信號輸出,該渦流流量計之性能分析結果將作為日後發展智慧型渦流流量計之依據。
    本實驗中所測試之渦流流量計包含氣體渦流流量計及液體渦流流量計,氣體渦流流量計乃使用成大航太中心流量實驗室標準流量系統進行測試,流速範圍為12.72m/sec~77.6m/sec;雷諾數Red為2.56 ×104 ~1.562 ×105,分別以無因次頻率St及流量係數K進行流量計性能分析。在此系統中,氣體渦流流量計得到之信號以FFT (Fast Fourier Transform method) 計算渦流溢放頻率,結果顯示最佳總擴充不確定度為±0.745﹪,最佳線性度為±1.777﹪。而以流量係數K進行性能分析,其總擴充不確定為±0.568﹪,線性度為±1.89﹪。
    液體渦流流量計則於成大航太系之完全發展管流系統進行測試,測試流速範圍為0.446~4.5m/sec;雷諾數Red為5.6 ×103~5.29 ×104,以無因次頻率St進行流量計性能分析。液體渦流流量計使用FFT計算法及自相關性演算法(Autocorrelation method)等兩種計算渦流溢放頻率,經測試後建議雷諾數Red大於1.69×104使用FFT計算法﹔反之則使用自相關性演算法,所得總擴充不確定度為±0.802﹪﹔線性度為±0.391﹪。
    上述液體渦流流量計之測試結果乃針對T型鈍型體的延長平板(splitter plates)為2d的情況,若將延長平板由2d改為1.56d裝置於液體渦流流量計測試,總擴充不確定度自±0.802﹪降低為±0.376﹪﹔線性度則由±0.391﹪增加為±0.963﹪,說明延長平板長度會影響總擴充不確定度及線性度。
    該液體渦流流量計之累計流量誤差測試分別在3個流速下進行測試,其中渦流流量計之渦流產生器的延長平板長度為2d,結果顯示當累計流量於50m3以上,則於測試流速範圍內其器差為±0.2﹪。

    In the present study, two T-shaped vortex flowmeters fabricated in laboratory were employed for testing in a gas flow calibration facility and a water pipe flow, respectively. The main purpose was to obtain the uncertainty of the vortex flowmeter in pipe flow measurement. In order to reduce the vortex shedding frequency from the signal obtained, the techniques of FFT and autocorrelation were employed. The calibration curve of St-Red and its corresponding uncertainty were then calculated. On the other hand, the calibration curve of K-Red was also obtained in this study, where K is denoted as the meter factor.
    A gas vortex flowneter were calibrated using a standard flow measurement system in the Flow Measurement Laboratory, ASTRC NCKU. The velocity range calibrated is from 12.72 to 77.6m/sec, equivalent to a Reynolds number range of 2.56×104 ~ 1.56×105. By using FFT to reduce the vortex frequency, the uncertainty associated with the St-Red curve is ±0.745% and the linearity of the curve is ±1.777%. On the other hand, the uncertainty associated with the K-Red curve obtained is ±0.568﹪and the linearity is ±1.89%.
    A liquid vortex flowneter was tested in a fully developed pipe flow system in the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, NCKU. The velocity range is from 0.446 to 4.5m/sec, equivalent to a Reynolds number range of 5.6×103 ~ 5.29×104. By combining the techniques of FFT and autocorrelation to calculate the vortex frequency, the uncertainty associated with the St-Red curve reduced is ±0.802% and the linearity of the curve is ±0.391%.
    The T-shaped vortex flowmeters mentioned above have a splitter plate of length equal to 2d. By changing the length of the plate from 2d to 1.56d, the uncertainty of the St-Red curve obtained in the water pipe flow facility is ±0.376% and the linearity is ±0.963%, indicating that the length of the splitter plate affects the total uncertainty and the linearity.

    中文摘要I 英文摘要III 誌謝V 目錄VI 表目錄IX 圖目錄X 符號說明XVII 第一章 簡介1 1-1 研究動機與目的1 1-2 文獻回顧2 1-3 渦流流量計性能規格調查4 第二章 實驗儀器設備6 2-1 渦流流量計本體6 2-1-1 氣體渦流流量計6 2-1-2 液體渦流流量計7 2-2 渦流流量計測試設備7 2-2-1 渦流流量計電路測試設備7 2-2-2 放大器7 2-2-3 加速規8 2-2-4 標準流量系統8 2-2-5 完全發展管流設備9 2-3 資料收集系統9 第三章 實驗分析方法11 3-1 參數分析11 3-2 渦流溢放頻率計算方法13 3-2-1 FFT計算之方法13 3-2-2 自相關性演算法14 3-3 渦流流量計之測試16 3-3-1 渦流流量計之測試方法16 3-3-2 標準流量系統穩定度之確認17 3-4 渦流流量計不確定度分析方法17 3-4-1 氣體渦流流量計不確定度分析方法18 3-4-2 液體渦流流量計不確定度分析’ 法21 3-5 渦流流量計之線性度分析方法21 第四章 渦流流量計類比電路製作23 4-1 渦流流量計類比電路設計23 4-1-1 穩壓及放大電路設計23 4-1-2 雜訊來源之探討24 4-1-3 濾波器設計原理及模擬25 4-2 渦流流量計類比電路測試27 4-3 累計流量顯示裝置28 4-3-1 累計流量顯示裝置設計28 4-3-2 累計流量顯示裝置測試結果29 第五章 結果與討論30 5-1 氣體渦流流量計性能分析結果與探討30 5-1-1 FFT計算方法之探討30 5-1-2 無因次化頻率St之不確定度分析31 5-1-3 流量係數K之不確定度分析32 5-1-4 氣體渦流流量計線性度分析33 5-2 液體渦流流量計性能分析結果與探討34 5-2-1 自相關性演算法之探討34 5-2-2 無因次化頻率St之不確定度分析35 5-2-3 延長平板對線性度及不確定影響35 第六章 結論37 6-1 渦流流量計類比電路部份37 6-2 氣體渦流流量計部份37 6-3 液體渦流流量計部份39 6-4 總結39 參考文獻 41 表45 圖51 自述129 著作130 著作權聲明131

    [1.] Satori, T., Flola, C.M., and Matsuura, K., “Vortex Flowmeter Application Report,” Advances in Instrum. , Vol. 39 Pt. 1, 1984, pp. 487-498.
    [2.] Kawano, T., Miyata, T., Shikuya, N., Takahashi, S., Hondoh, M., Itoh, I., and Biles, B., “Intelligent Vortex Flowmeter,” Advances in Instrum. , Proceedings Vol. 47 Pt. 2, 1992, pp. 997-1009.
    [3.] Blickley, G. J., “Vortex Flowmeters Provide Higher Accuracy, Lower Pressure Drops,” Control Engineering, 1995, pp. 59-64.
    [4.] Jelffs, P. A. M., Hayward, A. T. J., “Development in the accurate metering of natural gas liquids,” International Conference on Flow Meas., FLOMEKO’85, 1985, pp. 29-34.
    [5.] Hensen, E. C., and Restrepo, J. A., “Development of a Small Vortex Shedding Flowmeter for Hypergolic Propellants,” AIAA, 1988, pp. 88-3602.
    [6.] Corpron, G. P., “Vortex Flowmeter Performance Characteristics – Part A: The Effect of Installation Conditions on the Performance of a T-Cross Section Vortex Flowmeter,” ASME Fluid Engineering Division, FED- Vol. 58, 1987, pp. 1-9.
    [7.] Pankanin, G. L., “A New Approach to the Bluff Body Design in Vortex Flowmeters,” Prov. of International Symposium on Fluid Control and Meas., FLUCOM '85, Tokyo, Japan, 1985, pp. 1015-1020.
    [8.] Pankanin, G. L., “The influence of the bluff body shape on the vortex signal quality,” International Conference on Flow Meas. in the Mid 80's, National Engineering Laboratory, Glasgow, U.K., 9-12 June 1986, paper 3.3.
    [9.] Pankanin, G. L., “Influence of Vortex Meter Configuration on Measure Signal Parameters,” Conf. Rec. IEEE Instrum. Meas. Technol. Conf., May 18-20, 1993, pp. 337-340.
    [10.] 楊啟昌, 延長平板對鈍形體所產生渦流溢放之影響,國立成功大學航空太空研究所碩士論文,1992.
    [11.] Prophet, G., “Vortex Flowmeter,” Control and Instrum. , Vol. 9, No.8, 1977, pp. 54-57.
    [12.] Ogawa, Y., and Matsubara, N., “New type of Vortex Shedding Flowmeter,” Prov. of International Symposium on Fluid Control and Meas., FLUCOM '85, Tokyo, Japan, 1985, pp. 1009-1014.
    [13.] EI Wahed, A. K. and Sproston, J. L., “The influence of shedder shape on the performance of the electrostatic vortex flowmeter,” Flow Meas. Instrum. , Vol. 2, July 1991, pp. 169-174.
    [14.] 李宜珮, 柱狀型式渦流流量計之設計與測試,國立成功大學航空太空研究所碩士論文,1996.
    [15.] 許惠君, 柱狀型式渦流流量計壓力感測器之封裝測試,國立成功大學航空太空研究所碩士論文,2000.
    [16.] 魏中磊, “外界振動對渦流流量計精度的影響”, 第一屆海峽兩岸計量科技學術研討會論文集, 北京, 1995.
    [17.] Wolochuk, M. C., Plesniak, M. W., and Braun, J. E., “The Effects of Turbulence and Unsteadiness on Vortex Shedding From Sharp-Edged Bluff Bodies,” Journal of Fluids Engineering, Transaction of the ASME, Vol. 118, 1996, pp. 18-25.
    [18.] Menz, B., “Vortex flowmeter with enhanced accuracy and reliability by means of sensor fusion and self-validation,” Meas., Vol. 22, Issue3-4, No. 12, 1997, pp. 123-128.
    [19.] Su, K. L., Analog Filter, Chapman &Hall, England, 1996.
    [20.] Viswanathan, M., “Microprocessor Based Flow and Flow Volume Indicator Common for Any Flow Sensor which Gives Pulse Output,” IEEE Instrum. and Meas. Technology Conference, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA, May 18-20,1998, pp. 1083-1088.
    [21.] Hondoh, M., Wada, M., Andoh, T., and Kurornori, K., “A vortex flowmeter with spectral analysis signal processing,” Sensor for Industry Proceedings of the First ISA/IEEE Conference, 2001, pp. 35-40.
    [22.] 林世敏, 完全發展管流及彎管對渦流流量計性能測試,國立成功大學航空太空研究所碩士論文,1998.
    [23.] 巫清文, 兩不同平面垂直彎管下游渦流流量計渦流溢放信號品質分析,國立成功大學航空太空研究所碩士論文,2000.
    [24.] Walker, J. S., Fast Fourier transforms, Studies in Advanced Mathematics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1991.
    [25.] Bendat, J. S., and Piersol, A. G., Random Data Analysis and Measurement Procedures, 2nd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, U.S.A., 1986.
    [26.] Klein, A., “Turbulent Developing Pipe Flow,” Transaction of ASME, Journal of Fluids Engineering, Vol. 103, June 1981, pp. 243-249.
    [27.] ISO 1993(E), Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement, ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1993.
    [28.] ISO 11631:1998(E), Measurement of fluid flow – Method of specifying flowmeter performance, ISO, Geneva, Switzerland, 1998.
    [29.] ASME MFC-6M-1998, Measurement of Fluid Flow in Pipes using Vortex Flowmeter, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, U.S.A., 1998.
    [30.] Introduction Background, Piezo Film Sensors Technical Manual Internet Version, Meas. Specialties Inc. P. O. Box799, U.S.A, 1998.
    [31.] Miau, J.J., Hu, C. C., and Chou, J. H., “Response of a vortex flowmeter to impulsive vibrations,” Flow Meas. and Instrum. , Vol. 11, 2000, pp. 41-49.
    [32.] Miau, J. J., Wang, J.T., Chou, J. H., and Wei, C. Y., “Characteristics of low-frequency variations embedded in vortex shedding process,” Journal of Fluids and Structures, Vol. 13, 1999, pp. 339-359.
    [33.] Van Valkenburg, M. E., Analog Filter Design, Holt & Rinehart, New York, 1982.

    下載圖示 校內:立即公開
    校外:2003-07-09公開
    QR CODE