本研究區域位於屏東縣萬巒鄉五溝水，根據內政部國土測繪中心提供的2018年土地利用分區圖層和歷年採樣資料綜合評估下選擇一號水門、屋背溝和下游區三個區域，探討三區域之間地表逕流水質差異，並且比較不同年份下屋背溝區（2014年和2021年）和下游區（2013年、2019年和2021年）地表逕流水質差異。
伏流水介於地表逕流和地下水之間，其水質特性受到上湧和下滲交換機制影響，且與地表逕流水質也會有很大差別。伏流水和地表逕流水質分析中發現，水溫、導電度、鹽度、pH和溶氧皆有顯著差異。在伏流水上湧和下滲水質差異比較中，只有溫度有顯著差異。
棲地或水質等環境因子的變化會影響魚類群聚和族群量。本研究利用排序分析，探討樣點、物種與環境因子間的相關性。選擇11種物種：銀高體鲃、橘尾窄口鲃、中華鰍、短吻紅斑吻鰕虎、極樂吻鰕虎、台灣鬚鱲、台灣石賓、線鱧、粗首馬口鱲、半紋小鲃和絲鰭毛足鬥魚，利用複迴歸分析的逐步迴歸法，探討單一物種的豐富度與環境因子相關性。大部分的魚類都有其偏好的物理棲地環境，在半紋小鲃水深、流速及底質棲地適合度指數分析中，得知此物種偏好流速為0 ~ 0.1(m/s)、水深為45 ~ 60(cm)且底質為鵝卵石（粒徑64 ~ 256mm）的棲息地。利用排序分析、複迴歸分析和棲地適合度指數的分析結果，發現半紋小鲃喜歡水深深的緩流地區，短吻紅斑吻鰕虎喜歡水深淺的急流地區，兩物種的棲地選擇不同。了解物種的棲地偏好有助於未來保育人員制定更完善的保育政策。

In this study, we selected three zones with different land use and tried to find out the difference in water quality of surface runoff between the three zones. We used the data collected by our laboratory in Wu-Gon-Shui to compare the differences in water quality of surface runoff in First Water Gate zone, Wubeigou zone and Downstream zone. Hyporheic zone is defined as the region where mixes with surface runoff and groundwater, and its water quality is affected by the upwelling and downwelling exchange mechanism. The water quality between surface runoff and hyporheic zone is also very different. Our results showed that there were significant differences in water temperature, conductivity, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen between hyporheic zone and surface runoff. Comparing of the water quality between the upwelling and downwelling, the results showed that only the temperature was significantly different. Changes such as physical habitat or water quality affected fish assemblages and abundance. The ordination methods were used to explore the relationships between fish assemblages and environmental factors and multiple regression analysis was used to explore the relationships between each fish species and environmental factors. In the analysis of habitat suitability index, it was found that Capoeta semifasciolata preferred the habitats with slower flow velocity, deeper water depth, and the substrates with cobble (particle size 64 ~ 256mm). Knowing the habitat preferences of species could help governments making more comprehensive conservation policies in the future.

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