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研究生: 林彥明
Craig Bossley
論文名稱: 用行動研究探討台灣移民工作者的數位服務
An Action-Research Exploration of Digital Services for Migrant Workers in Taiwan
指導教授: 簡聖芬
Chien, Sheng-Fen
仲曉玲
Chung, Hsiao-Ling
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 規劃與設計學院 - 創意產業設計研究所
Institute of Creative Industries Design
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 109
語文別: 英文
論文頁數: 134
中文關鍵詞: 移民工作者數位服務資訊平台行動研究
外文關鍵詞: migrant worker, digital services, information platform, action research
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  • 如同國際情勢,在臺灣,每三十三個人之中有一位來自東南亞的訪客。在異鄉工作的他們,冀望能透過寄回家鄉的薪資,打造更美好的未來,但是,這些移民工作者想要駐足臺灣,就必須遵守不同程度的剝削行為,持續在艱苦且不理想的工作環境中勞動。與此同時,國際間的相關公會丶非營利組織、政府,甚至是想要協助移民工作者的人也在透過服務範圍十分多元的數位服務,為移民工作者提供協助,例如應用司法案例數據庫、依法申訴的通知、追蹤輪班紀錄及傳播重要消息。
      為了瞭解在臺移民工作者的數位服務,本研究以行動研究方法切入。在初步的行動中,研究員透過訪談及觀察,收集在臺菲律賓移民工作者(菲籍移工)的需求以及服務提供者的背景。本研究透過訪談發現,許多菲籍移工在經濟和文化壓力的驅使下,承擔了不滿意的工作條件以及累人的額外工作。同時,觀察社群平台與影像紀錄社群,可以發現他們以僅有的休息時間記錄豐足的在臺生活。然而,隨之而來的COVID-19大流行卻彰顯出菲籍移工服務系統的脆弱,並指出在數位服務與品質良好之資訊系統方面的迫切需求。
      在下一步的行動中,本研究評估了為在臺移民工作者提供的各式數位服務,最後選定隸屬勞動部勞動力發展署的外國勞工權保護的資訊網站(Portal),使用heuristic markup進行進一步分析。該網站的現階段問題及Portal的服務旅程圖也成為後續行動的目標。
      在最後的行動中,本研究針對選定的議題,建構了Portal的用戶界面(UI)設計原型。菲藉移工受測者透過易用性測試提供的反饋,顯示介面設計原型的主頁更直覺、常見問答部分大受歡迎,以及引導系統很糟,不過,更重要的是多次提及需要優化在服務旅程圖中未選定的其他議題。
      本研究以Portal的數位服務建議為結論,並具體地將該建議與在臺移民工作者地的整體狀況進行連結。

    Echoing a global trend, for every 33 persons in Taiwan, there is one contracted guest worker from Southeast Asia. These residents seek to build a better future by working abroad to send money back home, but their stay is dependent on continuous labor in strenuous, less-desirable occupations, and compliance with varying levels of exploitation. In parallel, industry actors, nonprofits, governments, and individuals alike across the globe are employing digital technologies in services aimed at supporting migrant workers. From judicial case databases to compliance reporting to work shift trackers to strategic messaging, there is a broad range of digital services.
      To understand the potential of digital services for migrant workers in Taiwan, this study used an action research approach. In the first actions, knowledge of Filipino migrant worker (OFW) needs and service providers in Taiwan was gathered through interviews and observations. Driven by financial and cultural pressures, many OFWs take on tiring extra work and are dissatisfied with conditions. Meanwhile, social media and an up-and-coming vlogging scene reveal a thriving community making the best of their little free time. Later, the COVID-19 pandemic revealed the fragile contexts of OFW support systems and reiterated the urgent need for digital services and quality information systems.
      In the second grouping of actions, digital services for migrant workers in Taiwan were considered. The Taiwanese government's Information Site of Foreign Worker Rights Defence (Portal) was selected for further analysis through heuristic markup. The issues of the Portal and its integration in the service journey provided targets for following actions.
      During the final phase, a user interface (UI) prototype of the Portal was created in response to selected issues. A usability testing session with OFW participants provided feedback: the homepage feed was intuitive, navigation was worse, and the FAQ section most exciting. However, more importantly, the results verified the need for fixing the other untargeted points in the service journey.
      In the conclusion, final suggestions for the Portal digital service were made, and the results contextualized in relation to the overall situations of migrant workers in Taiwan.

    Abstract ii 摘要 iii Acknowledgements iv Table of Contents v List of Tables viii List of Figures ix CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Research Background 1 1.2 Migrant Workers in Taiwan 2 1.3 Research Objectives 3 1.4 Research Design 5 1.5 Ethical Considerations 7 1.6 List of Abbreviations and Terms 9 1.7 Thesis Organization 9 CHAPTER 2: DIGITAL SERVICES FOR MIGRANT WORKERS 10 2.1 Defining Digital Services and Service Providers 10 2.2 The Goals of Digital Services for Migrant Workers 11 2.3 The Challenges of Digital Services for Migrant Workers 17 2.3.1 Migrants Have Unequal Access and Uncertain Timing 17 2.3.2 The Service Provider’s Dilemma of Empowerment or Privacy 18 2.3.3 These Services Require Long-term Attention and Sponsorship 18 2.4 Insights from Existing Migrant Worker Digital Services 19 CHAPTER 3: PRELIMINARY FIELDWORK 20 3.1 Plan | Clarifying Contexts 20 3.2 Act | Gaining Insight Through Snowballing 20 3.2.1 Stakeholder Interviews 21 3.2.2 Service Observations 22 3.3 Observe | Understanding Issues and Services 22 3.3.1 Interviews: Understanding Motivations and Actions 22 3.3.2 Observations In-the-field and Online 27 3.3.3 Responses During the COVID-19 Pandemic 31 3.4 Reflect | Exploring Services and the Digital 33 CHAPTER 4: OPPORTUNITY FRAMING 36 4.1 Plan | Exploration of Existing Solutions 36 4.2 Act | Filtering through the Options 36 4.3 Observe | Deciphering the Design of the Portal 38 4.3.1 Surface: Visually Informing 40 4.3.2 Skeleton: Getting Around 42 4.3.3 Structure: Organization 45 4.3.4 Scope: Platform Requirements 46 4.3.5 Strategy: Users and Service 48 4.4 Reflect | Problem Statement Synthesis 50 4.4.1 Status of Digital Services for MWs in Taiwan 50 4.4.2 Zooming in on the WDA Portal 51 4.4.3 The Problems of the Portal Digital Servicing 53 CHAPTER 5: PROTOTYPE & FEEDBACK 55 5.1 Plan | Creating a Design to Test 55 5.2 Act | Designing the UI Prototype 57 5.2.1 Structure: Organizing Content Features 57 5.2.2 Skeleton: Assisting Wayfinding and User Exploration 62 5.2.3 Surface: Visual Communication 66 5.2.4 Task Creation and Testing Plan 68 5.3 Observe | Prototype Usability Testing 69 5.3.1 The Participants and Session Preparation 70 5.3.2 Task A: Use the Homepage to Find a Mask Article 71 5.3.3 Task B–C: Use Search and Navigation to Find Posts 73 5.3.4 Task D–E: Use the Service Directory to Find an Organization 76 5.3.5 Task F: Point out the 1955 Introduction Section 76 5.3.6 Task G: Use the Q&A to Find a Policy Answer 77 5.4 Reflect | Revision Suggestions for the Portal 77 CHAPTER 6: A DIGITAL SERVICE TO ADDRESS INFORMATION NEEDS 80 6.1 Mapping Migrant Worker Needs and Servicing 80 6.1.1 What Migrant Worker Issues are Being Serviced? 80 6.1.2 Where is the Taiwan Government’s Present Servicing? 82 6.1.3 How are Migrant Workers with Present Servicing? 82 6.1.4 What’s the Design Problem to Address? 84 6.2 Proposal for the Government’s Servicing 84 6.2.1 How Should Migrant Workers be Serviced? 84 6.2.2 What Would This Digital Service Require? 86 CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSION 89 7.1 Contributions 89 7.1.1 Suggestions for the WDA’s Information Servicing of MWs 89 7.1.2 Digital Services for Migrant Workers 92 7.1.3 Benefits of an Action Research Approach 93 7.2 Implications and Limitations 93 7.2.1 On Inciting Lasting Condition Improvement 93 7.2.2 Barriers of Access and Language 94 7.2.3 Suggestions for Future Development and Study 95 References 97 Appendix A: Digital Services for Migrant Workers 107 Appendix B: Online Observation Notes 109 Appendix C: Filtering Digital Platforms for MWs in Taiwan 112 Appendix D: Details of the Impact–Interest Map of OFW Stakeholders 113 Appendix E: Sections of the WDA Portal 116 Appendix F: Heuristic Markup of the Portal 117 Appendix G: Content of the ‘1955 FAQ’ section 122 Appendix H: Testing Tasks, Script, & Consent Form 123 Appendix I: High-Rated Brokers in S. Taiwan (2019) 125 Appendix J: Usability Testing Data 127 Appendix K: Suggestions for the Portal 131

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