國道客運為臺灣主要之中長途城際運輸服務之一，通常以大客車為載客運具，因此在肇生交通事故時，往往伴隨著大量人員的傷亡。根據統計數據指出，90%以上之交通事故主因係人為所致，故駕駛員在行車過程中之駕駛行為係影響整體行車安全性之重要因子，更為影響乘客搭乘舒適度以及乘客搭乘意願等之重要因素之一。因此客運駕駛員品質不僅直接影響國道運輸安全，更進而影響客運公司營運績效。除此之外，近年來國道客運服務品質逐漸受到重視，交通部業已將駕駛員之駕駛行為列為國道客運評鑑項目之一，顯見駕駛行為對國道運輸品質影響之重要性。
客運駕駛員身負國道運輸安全之重責大任，其駕駛行為受到自身人格特質一定程度之影響，為確保乘客人身安全及提升客運業者營運安全績效，實有就偏差駕駛行為建立駕駛行為安全風險管理機制之必要。國道上造成意外交通事故的常見駕駛行為包含超速、未保持安全距離以及車道左右偏移等。本研究透過個案客運公司提供行車紀錄器資料，提出偏差駕駛行為之定義、確認可能導致交通事故風險之八項偏差駕駛行為，並藉由個案公司協助問卷發放了解人格特質與偏差駕駛行為之間的關聯性；除此之外，本研究亦將針對駕駛員偏差駕駛行為進行分群，進一步建立駕駛風險分級制度，作為評定駕駛員績效以及安全風險管理之依據。
本研究將以偏差駕駛行為為基礎，評估駕駛員風險值、並建立駕駛風險分級制度，再構建多元迴歸、二元羅吉斯、次序性羅吉斯模型檢驗人格特質對國道客運駕駛員之駕駛行為與其分級結果之影響；除此之外，另以集群分析方法探究不同分群駕駛員之偏差駕駛特性，檢視特定偏差駕駛行為關聯特性。經上述成果，檢視駕駛員人格特質對於發生偏差駕駛行為之影響，並進一步以人格特質將駕駛員駕駛風險進行分級，以利於既有駕駛員安全風險管理與適任性評估，同時亦憑以作為新進駕駛員聘任的參考指標之一。駕駛行為對於整體國道運輸安全之影響極為關鍵，本研究期以人格特質預測潛在駕駛行為及駕駛風險分級制度之建立，強化管理效率及提升國道運輸安全。

The growing inter-city bus industry and its importance for ground transport have brought the inter-city bus safety a vital and urgent issue. To reduce possible human-caused accidents, inspection of drivers’ driving patterns and personalities and a proper mechanism for assessing driving performance are needed. This study collects 62 e-bus drivers’ personality information and tachograph recorded driving data. Big Five personality traits are adopted with openness to experience, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism, while nine aberrant driving behaviors are defined by the bus company as shift to right, shift to left, not keeping safe distance, severely not keeping safe distance, overusing electromagnetic brake, exorbitant revolution per minute, slight speeding, hard acceleration, and idle for too long. This study assesses drivers’ risk values and construct drivers’ risk level evaluation mechanism on the basis of aberrant driving behaviors. Besides, multiple regression models and logit regression models are used to examine the relationships between personalities and driving behaviors, and risk levels respectively. Driving behaviors have crucial impacts on highway safety, this research anticipates to enhance managing efficiency and highway safety through predicting driving behaviors with personalities and establishing driving risk classifying mechanism. The results reveal that drivers’ driving risk could be negatively affected by agreeableness and extraversion. Conscientiousness and neuroticism, by contrast, could be relatively positive to drivers’ driving risk. Analysis of personalities could be beneficial for bus carriers to execute driver management, more than that, it could be applied as indices for appraising new employees when recruiting.

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