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研究生： 羅翊瑄
Lo, Yi-Hsuan
論文名稱： 氧化鋅複合還原氧化石墨烯中間層應用於鋰硫電池之研究
Zinc Oxide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Composite Interlayers for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
指導教授： 吳季珍
Wu, Jih-Jen
學位類別： 碩士
Master
系所名稱： 工學院 - 化學工程學系
Department of Chemical Engineering
論文出版年： 2020
畢業學年度： 108
語文別： 英文
論文頁數： 75
中文關鍵詞： 鋰硫電池 、中間層
外文關鍵詞： Lithium sulfur battery, Interlayer
相關次數： 點閱：80  下載：0 
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    • 本研究製備氧化鋅複合還原氧化石墨烯（ZnO-rGO）複合材料並將其塗佈在正極（S-rGO）上，探討其作為鋰硫電池正極之電化學特性。利用化學浴法於還原氧化石墨烯（rGO）上成長氧化鋅奈米顆粒，繼以塗佈於硫與還原氧化石墨稀混摻的正極（S-rGO/ZnO-rGO），成功製備出以氧化鋅複合還原氧化石墨烯為中間層的正極，並應用於鋰硫電池之正極。由穿透式電子顯微鏡（TEM）分析得知，氧化鋅奈米顆粒之顆粒大小為 10–15 nm。吸附測驗可以得知ZnO-rGO複合材料相較於還原氧化石墨烯具有更強的多硫化物吸附能力。S-rGO/ZnO-rGO正極在0.2 C的充放電速率下，具有1664 mAh/g之起始放電電容量，其起始庫倫效率可達93.7%。經100次循環後仍有1205 mAh/g的可逆放電電容量，電容量維持率為72.4%。相較於S-rGO/rGO正極，而在0.2 C的充放電速率下，具有1489 mAh/g之起始放電電容量，其起始庫倫效率可達92.0%。經100次循環後僅具有1015 mAh/g的可逆放電電容量，電容量維持率為68.2%。此外，相較S-rGO/rGO正極，在1 C及2 C的充放電速率下，S-rGO/ZnO-rGO可逆容量分別從653增加到1003 mAh/g以及從493增加到813 mAh/g。由電化學阻抗頻譜分析（EIS）分析經0.2 C下充放電循環10次後之電極，得知S-rGO/ZnO-rGO具有較小的介面阻力及較大的鋰離子擴散係數，顯示ZnO-rGO中間層促進電荷通過電解質和Li2S2的絕緣層。由XPS分析經0.2 C下充放電循環20次後之正極，Zn 2p結合能的降低表示Zn-S鍵的形成並證實ZnO吸附多硫化物。由上述可知，本研究成功製備出氧化鋅複合還原氧化石墨烯中間層，並將其應用於鋰硫電池正極時有良好且穩定之電化學性能表現。

    In this work, an interlayer of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs)/ reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composites were directly coated on the top of the surface-rGO (S-rGO) cathode to trap and reutilize the polysulfides for the improvement of electrochemical performance of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries. ZnO NPs with sizes of 10–15 nm were grown on rGO nanosheets (NSs) using chemical bath deposition method. The ZnO-rGO composites NSs show stronger polysulfide adsorption ability as compared to rGO NSs. The S-rGO/ZnO-rGO cathode exhibits excellent electrochemical utilization of sulfur with an improved cycling performance and superior rate performance as compared to the those of S-rGO/rGO cathode. At a current density of 0.2 C, a capacity loss of 27.6% is acquired in the S-rGO/ZnO-rGO cathode after 100 cycles with a reversible capacity of 1205 mAh/g. In contrast, a relative high capacity loss of 31.8% is acquired in the S-rGO/rGO cathode after 100 cycles with a lower reversible capacity of 1015 mAh/g. The ZnO-rGO interlayer also exhibits the improved high rate performance, showing reversible capacities of 1003 and 813 mAh/g at 1 C and 2 C rates, repectively. Both values are higher than those obtained by rGO interlayer, 653 and 493 mAh/g at 1 C and 2 C rates, respectively. The remarkably improved electrochemical performances result from that the ZnO-rGO interlayer not only facilitates the charge transfer through the electrolyte/ Li2S2 interface and the electronic/ionic conduction boundary as well as lithium-ion diffusion but also effectively arrests the polysulfide during repeated charge/discharge processes.

    Table of Contents Abstract I 摘要 II 致謝 IV Table of Contents V List of Tables VIII List of Figures IX Chapter 1 Introduction and Motivation 1 1.1 Preface 1 1.2 Lithium Ion Battery 4 1.2.1. Introduction and Development 4 1.2.2. The Working Principle of Lithium-ion Battery 6 1.3 Lithium Sulfur Battery 8 1.4 Construction of Interlayer 11 1.5 Motivation 13 Chapter 2 Literature Reviews 14 2.1 Reduced Graphene Oxide for Lithium-sulfur Batteries 14 2.1.1 Characterizations of Reduced Graphene Oxide 14 2.1.2 Applications of Reduced Graphene Oxide for Lithium-sulfur Batteries 15 2.2 Metal Oxides for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries 19 2.2.1 Characterizations of Zinc Oxide 19 2.2.2 Polysulfides Adsorption by Metal Oxides 20 2.2.3 Applications of Metal Oxides for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries 23 Chapter 3 Experimental Methods 26 3.1. Materials 26 3.1.1 Materials of the rGO NSs 26 3.1.2 Materials of the ZnO-rGO Composites 26 3.1.3 Materials of the Cathodes 26 3.1.4 Materials of the Coin Cell 26 3.2. Fabrication of S-rGO/170ZnO-rGO Cathode 27 3.2.1 Fabrication of the rGO NSs 28 3.2.2 Fabrication of the ZnO-rGO Composites 28 3.2.3 Fabrication of the S Cathode 28 3.2.4 Fabrication of the S-rGO Cathode 28 3.2.5 Fabrication of the S-rGO/rGO Cathode 28 3.2.6 Fabrication of the S-rGO/170ZnO-rGO Cathode 29 3.2.7 Fabrication of the Coin Cell 29 3.3. Characterizations 30 3.3.1 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) 30 3.3.2 Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) 31 3.3.3 UV-Visible Absorption Spectrum (UV-vis) 32 3.3.4 Raman Spectroscopy 33 3.3.5 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) 34 3.3.6 Cycling Performance 35 3.3.7 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) 35 3.3.8 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) 36 Chapter 4. Results and Discussion 37 4.1 S-rGO Cathode for Lithium-sulfur Battery 37 4.1.1 Formation and Characterizations of rGO Nanosheets 37 4.1.2 Electrochemical Performance of S-rGO Cathode 40 4.1.3 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) of S-rGO Cathode 41 4.2 S-rGO/rGO Cathode for Lithium-sulfur Battery 42 4.2.1 Formation and Characterizations of rGO Interlayer 42 4.2.2 Electrochemical Performance of S-rGO/rGO Cathode 43 4.2.3 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) of S-rGO/rGO Cathode 45 4.2.4 EIS Characterization of S-rGO/rGO Cathode 45 4.3 S-rGO/170ZnO-rGO Cathode for Lithium-sulfur Battery 48 4.3.1 Formation and Characterizations of ZnO-rGO Composite 48 4.3.2 Adsorption Test of ZnO/rGO and rGO NSs 50 4.3.3 Electrochemical Performance of S-rGO/170ZnO-rGO Cathode 51 4.3.4 Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) of S-rGO/170ZnO-rGO Cathode 54 4.3.5 EIS Characterization of S-rGO/170ZnO-rGO Cathode 56 4.3.6 Analyses of the Batteries After Cycling 58 Chap 5 Conclusion 64 Chap 6 Reference 66 Appendix 1 Abbreviations and Symbols 75

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