茶葉中的農藥殘留為茶產業和消費者共同關切的議題。農藥的不當使用、未遵循作物採收期、環境污染及土壤吸收差異都是可能導致農藥殘留的原因。此外，各國對農藥殘留容許量(Maximum residue limits, MRL)的標準不一，且法規標準與時俱進，使茶葉在貿易中面臨許多挑戰，不僅造成茶葉的浪費，也提高了茶農的生產成本。然而，目前的研究主要關注茶乾和茶湯中的農藥問題，對於製茶過程中減少農藥殘留之研究仍顯不足。因此，如何在製茶過程中有效減少茶葉中農藥殘留並兼顧茶葉品質，已成為全球茶產業共同追求的目標。
低溫大氣電漿(Cold atmospheric plasma, CAP)作為新興的非熱加工技術逐漸受到重視，由帶電粒子、自由基及活性物質所組成，可視為物質的第四態。研究已證實CAP在適當的作用條件下，不僅可以降低食品中的農藥殘留量，並維持食品品質及特性。然而，利用CAP降解茶葉中殘留農藥的研究尚未充分，如何應用並介入茶葉製程中也成為研究的重點目標。因此，本研究旨在了解現今茶葉中常見的農藥殘留類型，並應用CAP技術降解茶葉中的特定農藥，同時評估以CAP結合炒菁，探討其對茶葉品質的影響，以提供最佳的電漿作用參數及處理時機於茶葉製程中。
本研究自茶廠的檢驗報告及市售茶葉全掃描分析結果，確定特定的農藥類型。接著，將CAP介入茶葉製程中探討特定農藥於噴灑及浸泡方法下的農藥降解情形，採用極致液相層析串聯式質譜儀(Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry, UPLC-MS/MS)進行定量分析，接續綜合農藥降解結果並運用響應曲面法(Response surface methodology, RSM)以找出建議之電漿參數。此外，以色差儀分析茶葉顏色的改變及評估CAP對茶葉品質的影響；總酚含量、總類黃酮含量及DPPH自由基清除能力使用紫外光分光光度計，芳香物質則使用氣相層析質譜儀(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, GC-MS)分析。最終將綜合農藥降解結果以及茶葉品質試驗，並運用修正後RSM模型以建議理想的CAP作用參數。
研究結果顯示，經由茶廠的檢驗報告及市售茶產品比對資料庫結果，挑選出益達胺(Imidacloprid)及百克敏(Pyraclostrobin)兩種農藥。前導實驗發現，使用微波爐模擬炒菁流程會有農藥再吸附的情形，因此後續的農藥實驗將移除微波爐，並探討以CAP結合或替代茶葉炒菁的可能性。在浸泡農藥的方法中，益達胺在21 kHz、500 W及5分鐘下降解44%；百克敏在噴灑農藥的方法中，於35 kHz、450 W及1分鐘降解至43%，且最終兩種農藥殘留量皆符合台灣及歐盟的法規需求。
在茶葉品質試驗中，選擇具有顯著農藥降低的CAP參數以及RSM預測的最佳農藥降解參數進行測試。茶葉經由CAP處理後，其顏色呈現較高的亮度和綠度，尤其在21 kHz、500 W作用5分鐘後與市售茶葉顏色差異最小，但仍須留意高功率及長時間處理對顏色的影響。此外，經CAP處理後，可以觀察到總酚含量(Total phenolic content, TPC)和DPPH自由基清除能力的上升，推測CAP可以誘導抗氧化物質的生成並增加茶葉的抗氧化能力。而在總類黃酮(Total flavonoid content, TFC)的結果中，雖然沒有顯著的上升趨勢，但品質特性更接近市售的綠茶。在芳香物測試中，經不同CAP參數處理的茶葉產生不同的芳香物質，且在結果中觀察到許多重要的綠茶芳香物，包含己醛、反-2-己醛、2,6-二甲基-5-庚烯醛、檸檬烯、香葉醇、芳樟醇、芳樟醇氧化物及苯乙醇等。
最後，根據RSM綜合農藥降解及品質測試的結果，推薦優化後的CAP作用參數（19 kHz、400 W處理5.41分鐘），本研究經實驗證實並測試的CAP參數可提供作為後續研究證實及茶廠應用，以改善目前茶葉中農藥殘留的問題，並提供新興方法應於製茶產業中。

This study addresses the significant issue of pesticide residues in tea, a concern shared by the tea industry and consumers globally. The research aims to explore effective methods to reduce pesticide residues in tea while maintaining tea quality during the manufacturing process. Methods involved the identification of common pesticide residues in tea through inspection reports and analysis of commercial tea. Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) technology was applied to degrade specific pesticides using both spraying and soaking methods. Quantitative analysis was conducted using ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize CAP parameters. Results demonstrated that CAP effectively degraded pesticides in tea, with significant reductions achieved under optimized conditions. Both Imidacloprid and Pyraclostrobin residues met regulatory limits after CAP treatment, validating its efficacy in residue reduction without compromising tea quality. Colorimeter analysis indicated minimal color alteration post-treatment, while increased levels of Total phenolic content (TFC) and improved antioxidant properties were observed. In conclusion, integrating CAP into tea processing shows promise in mitigating pesticide residues effectively while enhancing tea quality attributes. This research provides practical recommendations for tea industry to adopt CAP as a sustainable solution to pesticide residue challenges, thereby advancing tea safety and quality assurance.

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