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研究生：	鄭存閔 Cheng, Chun-Min
論文名稱：	平面視覺質感輔助色彩知覺障礙者之辨識 The Composition of Visual Texture Design on Surface for Color Vision Deficiency
指導教授：	吳豐光 Wu, Fong-Gong
學位類別：	碩士 Master
系所名稱：	規劃與設計學院 - 工業設計學系 Department of Industrial Design
論文出版年：	2012
畢業學年度：	100
語文別：	英文
論文頁數：	72
中文關鍵詞：	色彩視覺、色彩知覺障礙、質感辨識、心理物理學、色彩閾值
外文關鍵詞：	color vision, color vision deficiency, texture composition, psychophysics, color threshold
相關次數：	點閱：168 下載：6
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　　色彩知覺障礙者(color vision deficiency, 簡稱CVD)對於某些特定色彩容易混淆甚至喪失色覺，全球約有8%男性及0.4~0.5%女性患有不同程度及類型的色彩知覺障礙。但色彩為生活中資訊傳達的重要媒介，因此，若無法正確辨識色彩可能為生活帶來諸多不便甚至構成威脅。
　　本實驗目的為利用質感具有區分不同表面的特性，又能完整傳達色彩圖示內容的優勢，以色彩視覺原理及視覺理論為發展基礎，提出質感構成的原則，以輔助色彩知覺障礙者之辨識，並兼顧一般視覺者的觀感。
　　本研究採用心理物理學法，以紅色RGB (255, 0, 0)為質感背景，並先將質感解構後依據理論進行操作型定義。實驗首先藉由調整法測定色彩閾值，比較一般色覺者和色彩知覺障礙者對於特定色彩配色的辨識力。再利用定值刺激法，請受測者進行質感構成的辨識任務。最後，以一般色覺者的主觀評量從中評選出不影響觀看的質感構成。
　　研究結果顯示，於紅色背景上的質感單元色彩若設定為RGB (234, 0, 21)、大小2.5'、間距2.5'，可快速被色彩知覺障礙者察覺，且不影響一般色覺者的觀感；而單元大小1.67'、間距 5'則可應用於無須快速閱讀的資訊。設計師可依據載體觀看距離及用途，將此參數進行倍數調整，未來可進行不同載體材質特性的研究，歸納出一套針對各種情境的質感設計法則，以供設計師檢索利用。

　　Color serves as a nonlinguistic code that gives us instant information about the world around us, but there are 8% of males and 0.4~0.5% of females suffer from different levels of color vision deficiency (CVD). It may cause much inconvenience as well as serious security problems in the daily lives.
　　Based on color vision and visual perception theories, this study aimed to create a set of texture composition principles that not only supports a person with CVD to distinguish colors, but also maintains the visibility and aesthetic of the target.
　　The study defined the texture background as redRGB (255, 0, 0). After the operational definition, a focus on the independent variable of texture color, elements size, and distance was possible.The preliminary experiment is color threshold measurement through the adjustment method of psychophysics; second, the constant stimuli method was employed to measure the visible texture compositions by CVDs and normal color vision (NCV) people; and third, NCVs were asked to subjectively evaluate the influence level by Likert scale so that the best texture composition principle could be created from the results.
　　Depending on the purpose and position of the application, designers can decide which compositions benefit viewers. For being detected immediately by CVDs, the proper parameters on a red background are the texture elements with RGB (234, 0, 21) color, size 2.5', and distance 2.5'. For website designs or commercial advertisements, designers can choose a smaller size 1.67' and distance 5', so CVDs can easily read the information without a lack of aesthetics for NCVs.

CONTENTS
摘要	II
ABSTRACT	III
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT	IV
LIST OF TABLES	VII
LIST OF FIGURES	VIII
APPENDIX	IX
CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION	1
1.1BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATION	1
1.2OBJECTIVES	5
1.3LIMITATION	7
1.4ORGANIZATION	8
CHAPTER 2LITERATURE REVIEW	9
2.1HUMAN COLOR VISION	9
2.2COLOR VISION DEFICIENCY	11
2.2.1Type of CVD	12
2.2.2Tests for CVD	16
2.2.3Related researches and tools of supporting CVD	17
2.2.4Summary	20
2.3FEATURE- INTEGRATION THEORY	21
2.4TEXTURE	22
2.5VISUAL PERCEPTION THEORIES	23
2.5.1Visual acuity	23
2.5.2Spatial frequency	24
2.5.3Summary	25
CHAPTER 3METHODS	26
3.1PSYCHOPHYSICS	28
3.2OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF TEXTURE FACTORS	29
3.3COLOR THRESHOLD MEASUREMENT	31
3.4DISCRIMINATION TEST OF TEXTURE COMPOSITION	37
3.5EVALUATION OF TEXTURE COMPOSITIONS FOR NCV	41
CHAPTER 4RESULTS	45
4.1THE RESULTS OF TEXTURE DISCRIMINATION	45
4.1.1The texture discrimination rate of CVDs and NCVs	45
4.1.2Response time of texture composition	46
4.1.3The interaction effect of color vision, size and distance	49
4.2THE RESULTS OF TEXTURE EVALUATION FOR NCV	52
4.2.1Subjective evaluation	52
4.2.2Cluster analysis	54
CHAPTER 5DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS	57
5.1DISCUSSION	57
5.1.1Color threshold measurement	57
5.1.2Discrimination test of the texture composition	58
5.1.3Texture evaluation for NCV	59
5.2CONCLUSIONS	63
REFERENCES	64
CHINESE REFERENCES	68

 
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Contents of daily life tasks	2
Table 1.2 Contents of occupation	3
Table 1.3 Analysis of CVD impact level on three parts of everyday tasks	4
Table 2.1 Classification of CVD types	15
Table 2.2 Related Researches and Tools to Support CVD	20
Table 3.1 Texture operational definition	30
Table 3.2 Sequence of tasks	33
Table 3.3 Independent-Sample t-test about the color threshold of CVD and NCV	35
Table 3.4 Conversion of Visual Acuity	37
Table 3.5 Stimuli factors	38
Table 3.6 16 types of texture composition	38
Table 4.1 Descriptive Statistics for discrimination rate	45
Table 4.2 Descriptive Statistics for response time of CVDs	47
Table 4.3 Descriptive Statistics for response time of NCVs	47
Table 4.4 Results of Repeated Measure ANOVA for 3 factors	49
Table 4.5 CVDs’ RT result for Repeated Measure ANOVA in 2 factors	50
Table 4.6 Simple main effect of RT	51
Table 4.7 Descriptive Statistics in subjective evaluation of 16 textures	52
Table 4.8 Influences of two variables in three clusters	55
Table 4.9 Proper texture compositions for supporting CVD	56
Table 4.10 Repeated Measure ANOVA of cluster2	56

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Research framework	8
Figure 2.1 Minimal separable visual angle	24
Figure 3.1 Experiment framework	27
Figure 3.2 Texture segregation	29
Figure 3.3 Evaluation frame of program	33
Figure 3.4 Evaluation process of color threshold measurement.	34
Figure 3.5 Experimental process	34
Figure 3.6 Results of threshold measurement	35
Figure 3.7 Histogram of color threshold	36
Figure 3.8 Interface of E-Prime software	40
Figure 3.9 Sequence in a trial	40
Figure 3.10 Evaluation process of discrimination test	41
Figure 3.11 Arrangement for experimental area	42
Figure 3.12 Experiment program frame.	43
Figure 3.13 Evaluation process of 16 textures	43
Figure 3.14 Experimental process	44
Figure 4.1 Bar chart of discrimination rates for CVDs and NCVs	46
Figure 4.2 Profile plot of 16 Textures	48
Figure 4.3 Simple Scatter Plot of 16 textures	53
Figure 4.4 Dendrogram	54
Figure 4.5 Simple Scatter Plot of 16 textures with the results of cluster analysis	55
Figure 5.1 Simulation of texture applied in website information	61
Figure 5.2 Simulation of texture applied in computer game	62
APPENDIX
Appendix 1 Questionnaire of CVD in Everyday Tasks	69
Appendix 2 Color Threshold Measurement	71
Appendix 3 Evaluation of Texture Compositions	72

                                    

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校內：2017-08-21公開
校外：2017-08-21公開

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