仰賴於計算機軟硬體、多元測量技術及三維空間資料標準之進步，三維地理資訊為近年迅速發展之新興課題，許多國內外近年高度受到重視之課題，例如智慧城市、數位孿生、智慧國土等，也大幅運用三維地理資訊而全方位擴展可能的應用。然而縱觀目前之相關應用，絕大部分之實務應用仍侷限於視覺展示，無法有效拓展至實務層面之應用分析及決策輔助，其中關鍵之核心因素為缺乏基於空間現象特性之三維化物件模式及運作機制，導致無法以單一地理圖徵為基礎，進行有效之分析應用及跨域整合，特別是無法針對相異測量技術及需求所產製三維空間資料之特性與品質提出具體之設計及操作配套，更成為推動之瓶頸。在期許以三維資訊帶動地理資訊下一波數位轉型技術革命之目標下，勢必需要重新以三維化之思維，探索及評估如何有效突破三維地理資訊之異質性課題，從而建立高互操作性之跨域分享與應用環境。
本研究認為未來之環境必須基於「開放」及「標準化」之三維地理圖徵觀點發展，圖徵內容須由物件化之三維觀點切入，透過標準化之應用綱要定義整合異質性之三維空間資料，建立可呈現基礎特性之物件模式化共同描述架構，單一圖徵須具有描述本身空間、屬性、語意及品質之完整能力，構成可獨立運作「自我描述圖徵」，並透過標準化之編碼架構供應，發展相異主題圖徵有效整合、區隔及比較之機制，最後於使用者介面提示跨域圖資之差異及分析成果，達到善用跨域三維地理圖徵及提升多目標應用價值之終極目標。
本研究首先剖析多元三維地理資訊之描述內容，提出空間單元、坐標參考系統、空間資料模式、幾何表示、空間語意性、細緻度層級、空間關係、空間識別性、空間階層性、時間資訊、空間資料品質等，共11項自我描述所需之基本特性，並在分析各因素具體描述內容之規劃策略後，提出標準化之三維自我描述地理圖徵架構。所有依據自我描述架構所產製之三維地理圖徵均基礎於物件化模式運作，且具備描述自身空間、屬性、語意及品質資訊之完整能力。基於開放及標準化之目標，本研究以CityGML 3.0之核心模組架構為基礎，透過CityGML系列標準中的應用領域擴充（ADE）機制，在符合CityGMl 3.0原始應用綱要規範之前提下，提出自我描述圖徵架構之具體設計策略及擴充自定義之圖徵、資料類別及屬性資訊。
資料品質為地理資訊建置及應用時必須考量之核心因素，本研究認為所有三維地理資訊資料均須因應其建置特性而記錄合適之標準化品質資訊，以減低錯誤應用及提升跨域資料應用與決策之正確性。細緻度層級（LOD）雖為眾多三維化之資訊所使用之概念，具有品質之考量，但僅能提供三維空間資料概略之規格區隔依據，本研究認為三維自我描述圖徵之應用必須有所突破，因此提出結合LOD及標準化品質資訊之設計策略，除基礎於CityGML 3.0之LOD概念，考量資料建置與應用特性後，提出強化之分級架構外，適合於國內推動外，結合ISO19115及ISO19157之標準化資料品質架構，涵蓋資料歷程、完整性、邏輯一致性、位置精度、主題精度、時間精度及可用性等標準化品質描述由定量及定性品質資訊補強既有LOD架構描述能力不足之問題，並針對LOD之各項規範設計合適之品質評估程序及描述內容，最後透過規則之設計約制不同品質規格資料之整合應用。
本研究所設計之三維自我描述地理圖徵架構為最上層之共同描述架構，適用於擴充設計相異主題考量之三維地理圖徵，提供所有三維地理圖徵一個具有共識之基礎描述架構及內容參考，不同主題考量之三維圖徵可基礎於此向下擴充，使相異主題之圖徵內容具有更為細緻之描述能力，並納入空間語意及幾何表示之因素而設計建構領域主題之自我描述圖徵架構。藉由三維自我描述地理圖徵架構，當三維圖徵獨立運作時，除原始資料所記錄之屬性資料外，亦可提供其他與圖徵相關之標準化資訊，使用者端則可藉由圖徵之自我描述內容而判斷資料可使用之場合、整合及辨別相異來源或資料品質、區隔各圖徵間之差異或提升其互操作性，以減低決策之風險。基於本研究提出之跨域通用三維自我描述地理圖徵架構，將可提供我國未來推動三維地理資訊基礎建設及跨域資訊自動化品質判斷之策略研擬參考。

With the breakthrough of computer graphics, survey techniques and spatial data standards, 3D geographic information has been receiving great attention from a variety of domains. Various applications based on 3D geographic information, like smart city and digital twin, have been developed around the world as 3D geographic information becomes more prevalent. However, many applications are restricted to visualization purposes only. One major reason for such limitation is the lack of formalized and comprehensive mechanism for the management and analysis of feature-based 3D geographic data. The potentiality of 3D geographic information for analysis and extended applications is therefore impeded by the failure of integrating the cross-domain 2D and 3D information. Since the 3D geographic information created by multiple survey techniques often have different quality and properties due to the lack of consensus agreement on their respective specifications, it is necessary to redesign an effective strategy for integrating heterogeneous 3D geographic information. Quality has long been considered as an essential component for designing geographic information. Standardizing quality information based on common properties of 3D geographic information is an effective strategy to avoid wrong interpretation and improve the interoperability of cross-domain applications. Level of Detail (LOD) is another common concept widely used for 3D data standards and techniques. Despite the current LOD concept has taken quality into consideration, it however works based on a threshold approach, meaning the selection of 3D data still have to be based on the limited number of levels of detail.
From a feature-based 3D geographic information perspective, this research purposes an open and self-describe feature framework that can model all the common properties of 3D geographic information with standardized data schema, i.e, CityGML 3.0 and ADE mechanism. Furthermore, this study also combines LOD, ISO19157, and ISO19115 to enhance the ability for describing the various quality aspects of 3D geographic information. With the proposed self-describe feature framework, 3D feature has the superior capability to describe its distinguished properties while being distributed, and user can unambiguously interpret the characteristic, quality, and usability of all the acquired 3D feature, and even develop rules for processing standardized data. This research demonstrates the benefits of the proposed self-describe feature framework and facilitates the development of 3D spatial data infrastructure and automatic quality-aware system in Taiwan.

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