簡易檢索 / 詳目顯示

研究生: 黃正輝
Huang, Zheng-Hui
論文名稱: 古中國水力機械天文鐘系統化復原設計
Systematic Reconstruction Designs of Ancient Chinese Water-Powered Mechanical Astronomical Clocks
指導教授: 顏鴻森
Yan, Hong-Sen
共同指導教授: 林聰益
Lin, Tsung-Yi
學位類別: 博士
Doctor
系所名稱: 工學院 - 機械工程學系
Department of Mechanical Engineering
論文出版年: 2021
畢業學年度: 110
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 174
中文關鍵詞: 古中國水力機械天文鐘復原研究機械史機構設計
外文關鍵詞: Ancient Chinese hydro-mechanical astronomical clocks, reconstruction research, mechanical history, mechanism design
相關次數: 點閱:134下載:0
分享至:
查詢本校圖書館目錄 查詢臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統 勘誤回報
  • 目錄 Contents 中文摘要………………………………………………………………..Ι Abstract (in Chinese) 英文摘要……………………………………………………………….Ⅱ Abstract (in English) 誌 謝..………………………………………………………………Ⅴ Acknowledgments 目錄………………………………………………………….…………Ⅵ Contents 圖目錄…………………………………………………………………...Ⅹ List of Figures 表目錄………………………………………………………...….ⅩV List of Tables 第一章 介紹…………………………………………………………….1 Introduction 1-1 文獻探討與分析………………………………………….…...1 Literature Review and Analysis 1-2 研究動機……………………………………………………..12 Research Motivation. 1-3 研究目的……………………………………………………..13 Research Objectives 1-4 論文架構………………………………………………….…..15 Dissertation Structure 第二章 古中國天文學的研究……………………………………..….17 On the Historical Development of the Astronomical Clocks in ancient China 2-1 天象觀測………………………………………………….….17 Astronomical Observation 2-2 天文觀測儀器的發展演進…………………………………..20 The Evolution of Astronomical Observing Instrumentscation Lists 2-3 時間制度……………………………………………………...32 Time Law. 2-4 結論..……………………………………………………..…...33 Summary 第三章 水力機械鐘的歷史發展……………………………..………34 On the Historical Development for Hydro-Mechanical Clocks 3-1 漏壺的形制與途……………………………...…………........35 Types and Uses of Clepsydras 3-2 控制系統的發展………………………………...………........38 The Developments of Control System 3-3 動力傳動系統………………………………………………...41 Powered-transmission Systems 3-4 顯時與報時置…………………………………………..…….46 Time Indicator and Reporting Devices 3-5 結論……………………………………………..………..…...51 Summary 第四章 水力機械鐘的作動研究………..……………...………...…..52 Study on Operation Models for Hydro-Mechanical Clocks 4-1 古代水力機械鐘運動模式研究……...………...………...…..52 Study on the Kinematic Models for the Water-Powered Mechanical Clocks in Ancient Time 4-2 水力機械鐘作動流程…………………………………...…....63 Study on the Kinematic Model of Hydro-Mechanical Clocks 4-3 結論………………………………………………….……......75 Summary 第五章 古中國機械天文鐘的復原方法………………………...…...76 The Reconstruction Designs Approach for Ancient Chinese Astronomical Mechanical Clocks 5-1 古機械復原序……………………………………………..….76 Procedure of the Reconstruction Designs for Ancient Machinery 5-2 模型設計與製造……………………………………………..78 Design and Manufacture of the Reconstruction Models 5-3 結論………………………………………………….……….79 Summary 第六章 復原設計實例……………………………………………......80 Examples of the Reconstruction Design 6-1 Examp1eⅠ:東漢張衡水運渾象復原……………..………….80 Eastern Han Dynasty Zheng Heng’s Watertransport Celestial Globe Reconstruction Design 6-2 Examp1eⅡ:唐朝僧一行與梁令瓚水運天復原…………....106 Tan Dynasty Yi Xing and Liang Ling-Zan’s Watertransport Celestial Sphere Reconstruction Design 6-3 Examp1eⅢ:北宋張思訓太平渾儀復原…………………...131 Northern Song Dynasty Zheng Si-Xun’s Tai Ping Hun Yi Reconstuction Design 6-4 結論………………………………………………..………...160 Summary 第七章 結論與展望…………………………………………….…...161 Conclusions and Prospects 7-1 結論…………………………………………………………161 Conclusions 7-2 展望………………………………………………………....162 Prospects 參考文獻……………………………………………………...…….....164 References 著作權聲明……………………………………………………..........173 Copyright Statement 附錄 發表論文………………………………………………..........174 Appendix Publication Lists

    [01]房玄齡撰 [唐朝],晉書,中華書局,中國,安徽,1974。
    Fang, X. -L.: (Tang Dynasty), Jin Shu (in Chinese), Zhong Hua Book Company, Anhui, China, 1974.
    [02]宋濂撰 [明朝],元史,中華書局,北京。
    Song, L.:(Ming Dynasty), Yuan Shi (in Chinese), Zhong Hua Book Company, Beijing, 1976.
    [03]林聰益,古中國擒縱調速器之系統化復原設計,博士論文,國立成功大學機械工程學系,臺南,臺灣,2001年。
    Lin, T.-Y.: A Systematic Reconstruction Design of Ancient Chinese Escapement Regulators (in Chinese), Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Taiwan, Tainan, 2001.
    [04]劉昫撰 (後晉),舊唐書,鼎文出版社,臺北,臺灣,1976年。
    Liu, X., et al. (Later Jin Dynasty): Jiu Tang Shu (in Chinese), Ding Wen Publishing House,Taipei, Taiwan, 1976.
    [05]脫脫等撰 [元朝],宋史,鼎文出版社,臺北,臺灣,1983年。
    Tuo, T., et al.: (Yuan Dynasty), Song Shi (in Chinese), Ding Wen Publishing House, Taipei, Taiwan,1983.
    [06]胡維佳譯註,新儀象法要,遼寧教育出版社,瀋陽,中國,1997年。
    Hu, W.-J.: Xin Yi Xiang Fa Yao: A Modern Interpretation (in Chinese), Liaoning Jiaoyu Chubanshe, Shenyang, China, 1997.
    [07] Yan, H.-S. and Lin, T.-Y.: A Study on Ancient Chinese Time Laws and the Time-Telling System of Su Song's Clock Tower, Mechanism and Machine Theory, 37, 15-33,2002.
    [08] Yan, H.-S.: Reconstruction Designs of Lost Ancient Chinese Machinery, Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin, 2007.
    [09]劉仙洲,“我國古代在計時器方面的發明”,清華大學學報(自然科學版) ,第13卷,第2期,1957年。
    Liu, X.-Z.: On the Invention of Time-Keeping Apparatus, Journal of Tsinghua University Science and Technology,3, 2, 1957.
    [10]馮立昇,張衡水力天文儀器復原照片,中國科學時報,第4版人物篇, 2019年9月27 日。
    Feng, L.-S.: Reconstructed Photos of Zhang Heng’s Hydraulic Astronomical Instrument, China Science Daily, 4th Edition Characters, 2019.9.27.
    [11]李志超,陳宇,“關于張衡水運渾象的考證和復原”,自然科學史研究,第2期,1993年。
    Lee, Z.-C. and Chen, Y.:A Textual Research and New Reconstruction of Zhang Heng’s Water-Rotating Globe, Studies in the History of Natural Science, 2, 1993.
    [12]李志超,中國水鐘史,安徽教育出版社,安徽,中國,2014年。
    Lee, Z.-C.: Zhong Guo Shui Zhong Shi (in Chinese), Anhui Jiaoyu Chubanshe, Anhui, China, 2014.
    [13]李迪,“張思訓的太平渾儀”,內蒙古師大學報(自然科學),第2期,第50-57頁,1984年。
    Lee, D.: Zhang Sixun’s Peaceful Armament, Inner Mongolia Normal University News (Natural Science Edition),2,50-57, 1984.
    [14]劉薔,“關于宋代水運儀象臺的古文獻綜考”,機械技術史,2002年。
    Liu, Q.: Research on the Ancient Documents of the Astronomical Clock Tower of Song Dynasty, Institute for History of Science and Technology & Ancients, 2002.
    [15]張柏春,張久春,“水運儀象臺復原之路:一項技術發明的辯識”,自然辯證法通訊,第41卷,第41-51頁,2019年。
    Zheng, B.-C and Zheng, J.-C.: A Review of the Reconstruction of the Astronomical Clock-Tower, Journal of Dialectics of Nature, 41, 41-51, 2019.
    [16] Needham, J.: Chinese Astronomical Clockwork, Nature,177, 600-602, 1956.
    [17]Cambridge.: J.-H., The Chinese Water-Balance Escapement, Nature,204,1175-1177,1964.
    [18] Hideo, T.: The Reconstruction for the Water-Powered Armillary Sphere and Celestial Globe Tower, The Horological Institute of Japan, 145, 56-70,1993.
    [19]武家璧,《楚國的天文曆法》,湖北教育出版發行,武漢市,中國,2001年。
    Wu, J.-B., Chu Guo De Tian Wen Li Fa (in Chinese), Hubei Education Publishing and Distribution, Wuhan, China, 2001.
    [20]蔣匡文,《中國天文占星基礎-術數與天文關係》,萬里機構出版社,香港
    行政特區,中國,2007年。
    Jiang, K.-W.: Zhong Guo Tian Wen Zhan Xing Ji Chu- Shu Shu Yu Tian Wen Guan Xi (in Chinese), Wan Li Book Company Limited, The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China, 2007.
    [21]劉昭民,《中華天文學發展史》,臺灣商務印書館股份有限公司,臺北市,臺灣,1985。
    Liu, Z.-M.: Zhong Hua Tian Wen Xue Fa Zhan Shi (in Chinese), The Commercial Press, Taipei, Taiwan, 1985.
    [22]曹謨,《中華天文學史》,臺灣商務印書館股份有限公司,臺北市,臺灣
    1986年。
    Cao, M.: Zhong Hua Tian Wen Xue Shi (in Chinese), The Commercial Press, Taipei, Taiwan,1986.
    [23]鈕衛星,《天文與人文》,上海交通大學出版社出版,上海市,中國,2011 年。
    Niu, W.-X.: Tian Wen Yu Ren Wen (in Chinese), Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press, Shanghai, China, 2011.
    [24]潘鼐,《彩圖本中國古天文儀器史》,山西敎育出版社,太原市,中國,2005年。
    Pan, N.: Cai Tu Ben Zhong Guo Gu Tian Wen Yi Qi Shi (in Chinese), Shanxi Education Press, Taiyuan city, China, 2005.
    [25]薄樹人,《中國天文學史》,文津出版社,臺北市,臺灣,1996。
    Bo, S.-R.: Zhong Guo Gu Tian Wen Shi (in Chinese), Wen jin Publishing House, Taipei, Taiwan,1996.
    [26]馮時,《天文學史話》,國家出版社,臺北市,臺灣,2005年。
    Feng, S.: Tia Wen Xue Shi Hua (in Chinese), Kuo Chia Publishing Co, Taipei, Taiwan, 2005.
    [27]陳久金, 楊怡,《中國古代的天文與曆法,臺灣商務》,臺北市,臺灣,1993。
    Chen, J.-J and Yang, G.: Zhong Guo Gu Dai Tian Wen Li Fa (in Chinese), China Science and Technology Publishing, Beijing, China, 2008.
    [28]吳守賢、全和鈞,《中國古代天體測量學及天文儀器》,中國科學技術出版,北京,中國,2008年。
    Wu, S.-X. and Quan, H.-J.: Zhong Guo Gu Dai Tian Ti Cel Liang Xue Ji Tian Wen Yi Qi (in Chinese), China Science and Technology Publishing, Beijing city, China,2008.
    [29] Lu, P., Bhāskara I on the Construction of the Armillary Sphere, History of Science in South Asia;3,1-19, 2015.
    [30]魏徵等撰 [唐朝],隋書,中華書局,北京,中國,1962年。
    Wei, Z., et al.: (Tang Dynasty), Sui Shu (in Chinese), Zhong Hua Book Company, Beijing, China, (1962).
    [31]李延壽[唐朝],南史陶弘景傳,鼎文出版社,臺北,臺灣,1976年。
    Lee, Y.-S. (Tang Dynasty): Nan Shi·Tao Hong Jing Chuan (in Chinese), Ding Wen Publishing House, Taipei, Taiwan, 1976.
    [32]李志超,天人古義,大象出版社,鄭州市,中國,2014。
    Lee, Z.-C.: Tian Ren Gu Yi (in Chinese), Elephant Press, Zhengzhou City, China ,2014.
    [33]陳久金,“中國古代時制研究及換算”,自然科學史研究,1983年第2期,北京,pp.118-132。
    Chen, J.-J.: Research and Conversion of Ancient Chinese Time System, Studies in the History of Natural Sciences, 2,118-132,1983.
    [34]陳美東,華同旭主編,中國計時儀器通史,安徽教育出版社,安徽,中國,
    2007年。
    Chen, M.-T. and Hua, T.-X.: Zhong Guo Zi Shi Yi Qi Tong Shi (in Chinese), Anhui Jiaoyu Chubanshe Anhui, China, 2007.
    [35] Breasted, J.-H.: The Beginnings of Time-Measurement and the Origins of Our Calendar, The Scientific Monthly, 41, 289-304, 1935.
    [36]華同旭,中國漏刻,安徽科學技術出版社,安徽,中國,1991年。
    Hua, T.: Zhong Guo Lou Ke (in Chinese), Science and Technology Press, Anhui, China, 1991.
    [37] Brown, D., et al.: The water clock in Mesopotamia, Archive for Oriental Studies, 130-148,1999.
    [38] Neugebauer, O.: Studies in Ancient Astronomy. VIII. The Water Clock in Babylonian Astronomy, Journal of the History of Science Society, 37, 37-43, 1947.
    [39] Vodolazhskaya, L.-N., et al.: Astronomical Interpretation of the Signs on the Vessel of the Bronze Age (Central Donbas), Archaeoastronomy and Ancient Technologies, 3, 43-60, 2015.
    [40] Panou, E., et al.: The astronomical monument of Athens, Global Journal of Multidisciplinary and Applied Sciences, 2, 47-52, 2014.
    [41] Drachmann, A.-G.: Ktesibios's Water Clock and Heron's Adjustable Siphon, Centaurus-International Journal of the History of Science and its Cultural Aspects, 20, 1-10, 1976.
    [41] Xu, J., et al. (Tang Dynasty): Chu Xue Ji (in Chinese), Ding Wen Publishing House, Taipei, Taiwan, 1972.
    徐堅等撰 (唐朝),初學記,鼎文出版社,臺北,臺灣,1972年。
    [42]Ritner, K.-R.: Oriental Institute Museum Notes 16: Two Egyptian Clepsydrae (OIM E16875 and A7125), Journal of Near Eastern Studies, 75,361-389, 2016.
    [43] Pogo, A.: Egyptian water clocks, Journal of the History of Science Society, 25, 403-425, 1936.
    [44] Sarma, S.-R.: Water Clock and Steelyard in the Jyotiskarandaka, International of Journal of Jaina Studies, 14, 1-49, 2018.
    [44] Aubriot, O.: The timekeeper, Archives-ouvertes, 24, 2018.
    [45] Woodcroft, B.: The Pneumatics of Hero of Alexandria: From the Original Greek, Charles Whittingham, London, UK, 1851.
    [46] Sridhar, S. and Shivakumar, N.: A Note on Leading Mathematician Bhaskara Ⅱof 12th Century, International Journal of Information Technology and Decision Marking, 2, 788-792, 2014.
    [47] Bonine, M.-E.: From Qanātto Kort: Traditional Irrigation Terminology and Practices in Central Iran, Journal of the British Institute of Persian Studies,20,145-159,1982.
    [48] McNown, J.-S.: When time flowed the story of the clepsydra, La Houille Blanche, 347-353, 1976.
    [49] Buick, T.: Orrery: A Story of Mechanical Solar Systems, Clocks, and English Nobility, Springer, New York, USA, 2014.
    [50] Hill, D.-R.: The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices, D. Reidel Publishing Company, Boston, USA, 1973.
    [51] Young, S.: An Athenian clepsydra, American School of Classical Studies at Athens, 18,274-284, 1939.
    [52] Pearce, J.M.-S.: The neuroantomy of Herophilus, Europen neurology, European Neurology, 69, 292-295, 1939.
    [53] Ebiesuwa, O.-O., et al.: Line Follower Robot Using a Sophisticated Sensor Approach, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology, 02, 1980-1982, 2013.
    [54] James, P. and Thorpe, N.: Ancient Inventions, The Ballantine Publishing Group, New York, USA, 1995.
    [55] Ker, J.: Drinking From the Water-Clock: Time and Speech in Imperial Rome, Arethusa, 42,279-302, 2009.
    [56] Zou, X.-L.: Ji Chu Han Zi Xing Yi Shi Yuan (Shuo Wen) Bu Shou Jin Du Ben Yi (revised version) (in Chinese)., Zhong Hua Book Company, Anhui, China,2007.
    鄒曉麗,基礎漢字形義釋源 -《説文》部首今讀本義 (修訂版),中華書局,安徽,中國,2007年。
    [57] Nam, M.-H.: A Technical Survey on the Astronomical and Timekeeping Instrument Made During the King Sejong’s Reign, Studies in the History of Natural Science,14, 42-50,1995.
    [58] 韓振華,航海交通貿易研究,香港大學亞洲研究中心,香港,中國,2002年。
    Han, Z.-H.: Hang Hai Jiao Tong Mao Yi Yan Jiu (in Chinese), Center of Asian Studies of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, 2002.
    [59] Anette, S.: The Karnak Clepsydra and its Successors, Water Management in Ancient Civilizations, 53,321-346, 2018.
    [60] Mayr, O.: The origins of feedback control, M.I.T Press, Cambridge, UK, 1969.
    [61]Wellbrock, K.: Cura aquarium in Greece, Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on the History of Water Management and Hydraulic Engineering in the Mediterranean region, 27,301-334,2015.
    [62] Xu, J., et al. (Tang Dynasty): Chu Xue Ji (in Chinese), Ding Wen Publishing House, Taipei, Taiwan, 1972.
    徐堅等撰 (唐朝),初學記,鼎文出版社,臺北,臺灣,1972年。
    [63] Xu, Z.-W.: Xi Tong Hua Ke Lou Ji Shu Se Jiaocue Yu Yan Jiu (in Chinese), Master thesis, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan, 2015.
    許哲維,系統化漏刻技術的教學與教具設計,碩士論文,南台科技大學機械工程學系臺南市,臺灣,2015年。
    [64]陳夢雷(清朝),古今圖書集成,中華書局,上海,中國,1934。
    Chen, M.-L. (Qing Dynasty): Gu Jin Tu Shu Ji Cheng (in Chinese), Zhong Hua Book Company, Shanghai, China, 1934.
    [65] Sleeswyk, A.-W. and Hulden, B.: The three water clocks described by Vitruvius, An International Journal of History and Technology,8,25-50,1991.
    [66] Ceccarelli, M. and Koetsier, T.: Explorations in the History of Machines and Mechanisms, Springer, New York, USA, 2007.
    [67] Hsiao, K.-H. and Yan, H.-S.: Mechanisms in Ancient Chinese Books with Illustrations, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 2014.
    [68] Narvekar, S.-R.: Constant RPM water wheel clock, 12th National Conference on Machines and Mechanisms, India, 2005.
    [69] Needham, J, F.R.S.: The Missing Link in Horological History: a Chinese Contribution, Proceedings of the Royal Society, 250,147-179, 1959.
    [70] Bedini, S.: The Compartmented Cylindrical Clepsydra, Technology and Culture, 3,151-141, 1962
    [71] Wang, X.-H.: Why Were the Scale-Rulers of Clepsydra Regularly Replaced? Journal of Dialectics of Nature, 2, 14, 2015.
    [72] Needham, J.: Science and Civilization in China, Vol.4, Part Ⅱ, Cam-bridge University Press, Cambridge, UK, 1965.
    [73] Nam, M.-H.: Yeong-sil Jang (Unknown) in Distinguished Figures in Mechanism and Machine Science, Springer, Singapore, 2014.
    [74] Russell, M.: Plato’s Alarm Clock: And Other Amazing Ancient Inventions, Michael O’Mara, London, UK, 2018.
    [75] Lepschy, A.-M, Main, G.-A and Viaro, U.: Feedback control in ancient water and Mechanical clocks, IEEE Transactions on Education, 35,3-10,1992.
    [76] Kostas, - K.: The inventions of the ancient Greeks (ANCIENT GREEK TECHNOLOGY), Kostas Kotsanas, Pyrgos, Greece,2014.
    [77] Kim, S.-H, Lee, Y.-S and Lee, M.-S.: A study on the working mechanism of astronomical clock in Sejong Era, J. Astron. Space Sci,28,79-91,2011.
    [78] Sang, H.-K., et al.: Operational Model of Time-Keeping Systems of Heumgyeonggak-Nu, The Korean astronomical society,34,31-40,2019.
    [79] Sang, H.-K., et al.: A Study on the Internal Structure of Heumgyeonggaknu, J. Astron. Space Sci, 30,113-121,2013.
    [80] Yan, H.-S.: Creative Design of Mechanical Devices, Springer-Verlag, Singapore, 1998.
    [81]蔣英炬、蔣群、楊愛國,朱鮪石室,文物出版社,北京,中國,2015。
    Jiang, Y.-G., Jiang, Q and Yang, A.-G.: Zhu Wen Shi Shi (in Chinese), Cultural Relics Publishing House, Beijing, China, 2015.
    [82]馮雲鵬 [清朝],金石索,目錄與文獻出版社,北京,中國,1996。
    Feng, Y.-P. (Qing Dynasty): Jin Shi Sheng (in Chinese), Catalogs & Documentation Publishing House, Beijing, China,1996.
    [83]許慎 [東漢],說文解字,中華書局,北京,中國,1963。
    Xu, S. (Eastern Dynasty): Shuo Wen Jie Zi (in Chinese), Zhong Hua Book Company, Beijing, China,1963.
    [84] Nie, X.-Y.: Nie, Research on the bronze ratchet components unearthed from the Site of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, Journal of Huanghe S & T University, 14, 2012.
    [85]陸敬嚴、華同旭,中國科學技術史:機械卷,科學與技術出版社,北京,2000。
    Lu, J.-Y and Hua, J.-M.: Zhon Guo Ke Xue Jishu Shi Jixie Juan (in Chinese), Science and Technology Press, Beijing, China, 2000.
    [86] Yan, H.-S.: Mechanisms: Theory and Applications, McGraw-Hill, Singapore, 2016.

    無法下載圖示 校內:不公開
    校外:不公開
    電子論文尚未授權公開,紙本請查館藏目錄
    QR CODE