| 研究生: |
曾皇銘 Zeng, Huang-Ming |
|---|---|
| 論文名稱: |
小林村潰壩研究 Case study of dam break at Siaolin Village |
| 指導教授: |
謝正倫
Shieh, Cheng-Lun |
| 學位類別: |
碩士 Master |
| 系所名稱: |
工學院 - 水利及海洋工程學系 Department of Hydraulic & Ocean Engineering |
| 論文出版年: | 2011 |
| 畢業學年度: | 99 |
| 語文別: | 中文 |
| 論文頁數: | 107 |
| 中文關鍵詞: | 潰壩 、HEC-HMS模式 、HEC-RAS模式 、洪峰流速 、堰塞湖 |
| 外文關鍵詞: | Dam break, HEC-HMS model, HEC-RAS model, The velocity of peak flow, Landslide dam |
| 相關次數: | 點閱:145 下載:13 |
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莫拉克颱風於2009年侵襲台灣本島,降雨範圍主要集中於台灣南部地區,降雨特性為高強度、長延時、大範圍,於颱風期間形成數個堰塞湖,其中以小林村之堰塞湖潰決所造成傷亡最為嚴重,故本研究主要分為現地調查資料收集、數值模擬兩部分探討小林村堰塞湖潰壩特性。
在現地資料調查部分,收集模擬所需之雨量及水文資料後,以小林村災民的口述記錄配合下游杉林大橋水位站水位資料推估潰壩事件過程和時間;另外,以衛星影像與航照圖判斷崩塌地及堰塞湖可能之範圍區域,而後本研究以衛星定位接收儀(GPS)測量進行小林村堰塞湖殘餘壩體的量測及現場水痕調查,並取得莫拉克風災前的河道實測斷面資料,以完成模式模擬地形之建構。
在模擬部分,以HEC-HMS模式推估於莫拉克颱風期間楠峰橋水位站與杉林大橋水位站間的支流量,以作為HEC-RAS水理演算之輸入條件。而HEC-RAS模式方面,進行敏感度分析及資料收集後,分為潰決時間、潰決延時、壩體高度作為模擬之主要變動參數進行模擬,並將模擬成果與杉林大橋水位站之實際水位歷線比較分析,確立潰決時間為8月9日7:30,而潰決延時為70分鐘,堰塞湖水位高程為415公尺,壩高為46公尺並且取得潰壩波洪峰平均速度。
而後,分析模擬之洪峰平均速度與各流速公式及理論間的關係,可發現潰壩波洪峰平均速度與√(gd_0 )並不符合,但實際洪峰平均速度則介於孤立波公式及曼寧公式之間。
The Typhoon Morakot slammed into Taiwan in 2009,the range of heavy rain were mainly in southern Taiwan. It showed that the high rainfall intensity, long storm duration, and large area by Typhoon Morakot to induced some landslide dams. Because the dam broke in Siaolin Village induced seriously casualties, this study have two parts which include the collecting data by site investigations and numerical simulations to study the characteristic of this dam broke.
In the part of collecting data, after gathering the rainfall and hydrological information, this study estimates the process and time of dam broken with the record by victims and the water level data of Shanlin Bridge streamflow station. Using Formosat-Πimagery and aerial photograph to judge the range of the landslide and the landslide dam, and then to survey the remaining dam and the water mark by GPS. Finally, collecting the cross section data of the streamway before Typhoon Morakot to construct the simulated topography.
In the part of simulation, estimating the discharge of branch flow between Nanfeng Bridge and Shanlin Bridge streamflow station during Typhoon Morakot by HEC-HMS, and using the simulated result to be the input data of HEC-RAS. Befor performing the hydraulic calculations, it has to make the sensitivity analysis of model parameters and make the dam-breach time, the dam-breach duration, and the dam height be the mainly changing parameter in the model running. Then, taking the simulating result to compare with the actual water level information of Shanlin Bridge streamflow station. By this method, it could be sure that the dam breach at 7:30 on August 9 and the dam-breach duration is 70 minutes, the dam height is 46 meters.
Finally, it can be found that the average velocity of dam-break wave is not suitable for √(gd_0 ), but it is between solitary wave equation and Manning's formula.
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