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研究生: 陳又綺
Chen, Yu-Chi
論文名稱: 中共宣傳政府下的青少年愛國主義教育:以《開學第一課》為例
Chinese Youth Patriotic Education in CCP Propaganda State: Case Study of the CCTV "The First Lesson" Program.
指導教授: 洪敬富
Hung, Chin-Fu
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 社會科學院 - 政治學系
Department of Political Science
論文出版年: 2023
畢業學年度: 111
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 219
中文關鍵詞: 宣傳思想工作愛國主義教育開學第一課中國特色社會主義
外文關鍵詞: Propaganda, Thought Work, Patriotic Education, The First Lesson, Socialism with Chinese Characteristics
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  • 在中共百年建設的發展歷程中,宣傳政府透過完善制度與積累經驗,持續推進思想工作,並將做為思想工作核心的愛國主義教育鎖定於青少年群體,以承擔培育新時代共產主義接班人的重要使命。本論文以《中共宣傳政府下的青少年愛國主義教育:以〈開學第一課〉為例》為題,採案例研究法、內容分析法與比較研究法,探究中共宣傳政府在面對全球化與資訊化社會的發展下,如何在教育部與中央電視台聯合製播的《開學第一課》節目中,宣傳重要政績、回應重大突發事件、連結歷史與當代事件並落實道德治理,以持續深化青少年愛國主義教育。本論文兼述中共政權近年來在應對內、外部環境變化時,於弘揚愛國主義精神的宣傳策略上,又出現哪些具中國特色的調適作為與變遷趨勢。
    本研究發現,《開學第一課》結合演講、影片、團體遊戲、舞台短劇與歌舞表演,以切合青少年意向與興趣的方式弘揚愛國主題。節目中的宣傳模式包含:宣傳奧運會、脫貧等重要政績,彰顯國家強盛與黨的有效治理;在重大突發事件中融合理性知識與感性故事,以推進正向宣傳;透過戰爭與和平、窮困與發展的今昔對照,呈現中國現代化發展的成就;推廣青少年道德楷模與公益活動,以發揚中華文化的傳統美德與社會責任感。結合節目的宣傳模式與內、外部環境變化,本論文進而將宣傳策略的調適方向歸納為中國元素、流行文化元素、商業化元素與科技化元素,並以注重「中國特色」的中國元素為核心,提出圍繞在「中國式現代化」理論內涵的宣傳變遷趨勢,以全面推進第二個百年的奮鬥目標與中華民族的偉大復興。

    Over the past hundred years of CCP’s construction and development process, propaganda state has continued to promote ideological work by improving institutions and accumulating thought-work management experiences. Patriotic education, at the core of ideological work, has targeted and reached out to youth in order to better undertake the critical mission of cultivating “successors of socialism” in the new era. Entitled “Chinese Youth Patriotic Education in CCP Propaganda State: Case Study of the CCTV ‘The First Lesson’ Program,” this thesis investigates the ways how the CCP propaganda state continues to strengthen patriotic education on Chinese young students, particularly in the backdrop of globalization and information society. To further explore the propaganda patterns, this thesis studies “The First Lesson,” a nationwide patriotic program co-produced by the Ministry of Education and China Central Television, and analyzes how the program portrays political achievements, responds to emergencies, connects historical and contemporary events, and carries out moral governance. Furthermore, in response to the changes both in the domestic and foreign environments, this thesis deliberates what adjustments with Chinese characteristics have developed in CCP’s propaganda tactics of popularizing the spirit of patriotism.
    This thesis finds that “The First Lesson” program has combined speeches, videos, group games and performances to promote patriotic themes, in particular in a way that satisfies the intentions and interests of the youth. Propaganda patterns in the program include the followings: publicizing political achievements such as the Olympic Games and poverty alleviation policy to demonstrate the prosperity of China and effective governance of the Party; incorporating rational knowledge and emotional stories to amplify positive propaganda in emergencies; comparing situations about war and peace, poverty and development to highlight the accomplishments of China's modernization and development; advocating youth moral role models and public welfare activities to accentuate traditional virtues and social responsibility in Chinese culture. This thesis also exposes the adaptation made in propaganda strategies through popular culture elements, commercial elements, technological elements, and especially through the Chinese elements, the one focused on “Chinese characteristics.” In this sense, this thesis proposes a trend of thought-work and propaganda with “Chinese-style modernization” connotations, amidst the effort to realize the Second Centenary Goal and the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

    第一章 緒論 1 第一節 研究背景 1 第二節 研究動機與目的 8 第三節 問題意識 14 第四節 研究方法 15 第五節 分析架構與章節安排 21 第二章 文獻回顧 23 第一節 愛國主義教育 23 第二節 中共宣傳政府 36 第三節 網際網路與新媒體時代下的宣傳工作 41 第三章 中共建政以來的愛國主義教育 46 第一節 毛澤東、鄧小平、江澤民時代的愛國主義教育 46 第二節 胡錦濤、習近平時代的愛國主義教育 64 第三節 《開學第一課》製播前、後的愛國主義教育 72 第四章 《開學第一課》中的愛國宣傳 80 第一節 《開學第一課》的推出 80 第二節 《開學第一課》的形制分析 82 第三節 《開學第一課》的宣傳模式 92 第五章 宣傳政府的調適與變遷 124 第一節 宣傳政府的調適 124 第二節 宣傳政府的變遷 153 第三節 對中共宣傳政府的批判與思考 164 第六章 結論 167 第一節 總結 167 第二節 研究限制與未來研究方向 170 參考文獻 172 中文文獻 172 英文文獻 182 附錄 193

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    央視網,2021,〈北京2022:多學科融合推進奧林匹克教育進校園〉,https://tv.cctv.com/2021/12/13/VIDEoDnP6CqDQetEbKSPEkdu211213.shtml,查閱時間:2023年1月14日。
    央視網,2022,〈北京2022:中國中小學奧林匹克教育「微學院」成立〉,https://tv.cctv.com/2022/09/05/VIDEwUGD46aue6gQDWMqZVRj220905.shtml,查閱時間:2023年1月14日。
    央廣網,2021,〈向上向善、孝老愛親,忠於祖國、忠於人民〉,https://www.chinanews.com.cn/gn/2021/09-21/9570772.shtml,查閱時間:2022年1月5日。
    江蘇智庫網,2022,〈習近平總書記強調的「底線思維」〉,https://www.jsthinktank.com/zhikuyanjiu/202210/t20221009_7719228.shtml,查閱時間:2022年11月8日。
    李虹,2014,〈「和合」理念:江澤民外交思想的重要源泉〉,https://www.dswxyjy.org.cn/BIG5/n1/2019/0228/c423720-30922013.html,查閱時間:2022年11月13日。
    李琦,2019,〈江澤民『以德治國』思想的文獻解讀〉,https://www.dswxyjy.org.cn/BIG5/n1/2019/0709/c427758-31222608.html,查閱時間:2021年12月22日。
    明鏡月刊,2013,〈《明鏡月刊》獨家全文刊發中共9號文件〉,https://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/345627.html,查閱時間:2022年8月10日。
    洪向華,2019,〈人民日報新知新覺:始終走在時代前列〉,http://opinion.people.com.cn/n1/2019/0604/c1003-31118068.html,查閱時間:2021年12月27日。
    戚義明,2016,〈八大後毛澤東的「過渡時期」概念之理論內涵〉,https://www.dswxyjy.org.cn/BIG5/n1/2019/0228/c423725-30942064.html,查閱時間:2022年5月29日。
    習近平,2013,〈網傳習近平8•19講話全文:言論方面要敢抓敢管敢於亮劍〉https://chinadigitaltimes.net/chinese/321001.html,查閱時間:2022年3月30日。
    新華社,2004,〈中共中央關於加強黨的執政能力建設的決定〉,http://www.gov.cn/test/2008-08/20/content_1075279.htm,查閱時間:2022年5月6日。
    新華社,2007,〈胡錦濤會見全國道德模範 強調切實加強道德建設〉,http://www.gov.cn/ldhd/2007-09/18/content_753891.htm,查閱時間:2022年1月5日。
    新華社,2009a,〈胡錦濤在第64屆聯大一般性辯論時的講話〉,http://www.gov.cn/ldhd/2009-09/24/content_1424772.htm,查閱時間:2021年12月25日。
    新華社,2009b,〈愛國歌曲在校園掀起「紅歌」天天唱人人愛祖國的熱潮〉,http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/jrzg/2009-06/03/content_1330763.htm,查閱時間:2023年2月18日。
    新華社,2011a,〈中央黨校副校長談學習胡錦濤總書記「七一」講話〉,http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/////////jrzg/2011-07/13/content_1905930.htm,查閱時間:2021年12月27日。
    新華社,2011b,〈胡錦濤在慶祝中國共產黨成立90周年大會上的講話〉,http://www.gov.cn/ldhd/2011-07/01/content_1897720_2.htm,查閱時間:2022年11月12日。
    新華社,2018,〈習近平:舉旗幟聚民心育新人興文化展形象,更好完成新形勢下宣傳思想工作使命任務〉,http://cpc.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2018/0822/c64094-30244975.html,查閱時間:2022年8月9日。
    新華社,2019,〈習近平在省部級主要領導幹部堅持底線思維著力防範化解重大風險專題研討班開班式上發表重要講話〉,http://www.gov.cn/xinwen/2019-01/21/content_5359898.htm,查閱時間:2022年12月6日。
    新華社,2021,〈中共中央關於黨的百年奮鬥重大成就和歷史經驗的決議〉,http://www.gov.cn/zhengce/2021-11/16/content_5651269.htm,查閱時間:2022年5月18日。
    新華網,2006,〈教育部介紹北京教育系統開展榮辱觀教育活動情況〉,http://big5.www.gov.cn/gate/big5/www.gov.cn/xwfb/2006-04/11/content_251099.htm,查閱時間:2022年8月2日。
    新華網,2007,〈胡錦濤在黨的十七大上的報告〉,https://fuwu.12371.cn/2012/06/11/ARTI1339412115437623_all.shtml,查閱時間:2021年12月7日。
    新華網,2011,〈加快網絡立法 消除網絡毒謠〉,http://www.scio.gov.cn/zhzc/8/5/Document/1060559/1060559.htm,查閱時間:2022年5月19日。
    新華網,2012,〈習近平:承前啟後 繼往開來 繼續朝著中華民族偉大復興目標奮勇前進〉,http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2012/1129/c1024-19744072.html,查閱時間:2022年4月27日。
    新華網,2013,〈守住「七條底線」是每個網民的責任〉,http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2013/0815/c70731-22578765.html,查閱時間:2022年8月20日。
    新華網,2014a,〈習近平在中國科學院第十七次院士大會、中國工程院第十二次院士大會上的講話〉,http://cpc.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2014/0609/c64094-25125270-2.html,查閱時間:2022年11月3日。
    新華網,2014b,〈習近平:推進國家治理體系和治理能力現代化〉,http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n/2014/0217/c1024-24384975.html,查閱時間:2022年6月15日。
    新華網,2015,〈習近平在第二屆世界互聯網大會開幕式上的講話〉,http://www.xinhuanet.com//politics/2015-12/16/c_1117481089.htm,查閱時間:2021年12月26日。
    新華網,2021a,〈中共中央政治局召開會議 審議《國家安全戰略(2021-2025年)》《軍隊功勛榮譽表彰條例》和《國家科技咨詢委員會2021年咨詢報告》 中共中央總書記習近平主持會議〉,http://politics.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2021/1118/c1024-32286174.html,查閱時間:2021年12月25日。
    新華網,2021b,〈為黨育人為國育才──以習近平同志為核心的黨中央關心學校思想政治工作紀實〉,http://www.news.cn/politics/2021-12/01/c_1128121638.htm,查閱時間:2022年8月26日。
    劉潤為,1996,〈殖民文化論〉,https://www.163.com/dy/article/HAITK84R0552QG1Y.html,查閱時間:2022年7月12日。
    藍曉霞,2021,〈讓愛國主義精神在心中牢牢扎根(教育時評)〉,http://edu.people.com.cn/BIG5/n1/2021/1017/c1006-32255811.html,查閱時間:2021年12月20日。
    藝術教育網,2011,〈《中國少年兒童幸福成長宣言》首次向社會發布〉,http://www.chinaartedu.net/2a14732/,查閱時間:2022年11月13日。
    騰訊網,2022,〈北京中小學生近210萬人次「上冰上雪」!冬奧帶給教育哪些改變?〉,https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20220123A06CR200,查閱時間:2023年1月16日。
    六、譯著
    Jacques, Martin. 2010,《當中國統治世界》,李隆生、張逸安譯,台北:聯經。譯自 When China Rules the World: The Rise of the Middle Kingdom and the End of the Western World. 2009.
    七、學位論文
    楊昕,2018,〈中國共產黨憂患意識研究〉,北京:中共中央黨校博士論文。
    英文文獻
    一、英文專書
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    二、專書中論文
    Brady, Anne-Marie, and He Yong. 2012. “Talking up the Market: Economic Propaganda in Contemporary China.” In China’s Thought Management, ed. Anne- Marie Brady. New York: Routledge.
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    三、英文期刊
    Aoyama, Rumi. 2016. “One Belt, One Road: China's New Global Strategy.” Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies 5 (2): 3-22.
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    四、譯著
    Halbwachs, Maurice. 1992. On Collective Memory. Coser, Lewis A., trans. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Translated from Les cadres sociaux de la mémoire. 1952.
    五、網路資料
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