目前在台灣鐵路噪音預測評估，必須依據行政院環保署所制定之“鐵路交通噪音評估模式技術規範”，根據德國的鐵路噪音評估模式Schall03及許可之噪音分析軟體進行預測評估。本論文以噪音預測分析軟體Cadna-A為主，依據聲學理論驗證噪音計算模式之合理性，並探討隔音牆防治效果。本文探討噪音評估模式中音源、聲音傳播、隔音牆形式及穿透反射相關調整參數之影響，並對於分析時所使用的參數提出學理與實務上的理解。研究結果發現，該評估模式是以整體A加權噪音值計算並未考慮個別頻率的影響；屏障物的存在會產生繞射損失，但不考慮聲音穿透的可能，因此屏障物的特性只反應於反射損失。Schall03只適合探討屏障物之幾何與整體吸音能力的影響，無法評估不同頻率吸音能力的差異。另外，若要考量實際 大氣環境如溫度或風速的影響，則須採用Schall03以外的評估模式。最後模擬不同型式隔音牆之噪音分析並與文獻中之實驗值比較，所得模擬結果之趨勢是合理的。

In Taiwan, the railway noise prediction should be carried out with one of the permitted noise analysis software and the German prediction model for railway noise “Schall03,” based on the “The Railway and Traffic Noise Directive” defined by Taiwan Environmental Department. This thesis uses noise analysis software Cadna-A to predict the railway noise and verify the predicted results by comparing with the theory of acoustics, and to study the effects of barriers. We discuss the influences of the adjustable parameters related to the noise source, noise propagation, the reflectivity and transmission of barriers, the types of barriers in the noise prediction model, and provide the understanding of those parameters in both theory and practice. The results indicate that noise level is calculated by the A-weighted sound level so that the influence of individual frequency is not considered in the noise prediction model. The existence of barrier causes the diffraction loss of noise but does not allow the transmission of noise in the prediction model. Therefore, the characteristics of barrier can only be described by its reflection loss. As a result, Schall03 can only be used to study the effect of geometry and absorption of barrier, but not to evaluate the acoustic absorptivity at different frequency. Furthermore, the other prediction model other than Schall03 is more appropriate if the environmental influences like temperature or wind speed are taken into account. Finally, we have done the noise analysis with different types of barriers and compared with experimental measurement from literature, and the simulation results seem to be reasonable.

A. D. Pierce, “Diffraction of sound around corners and over wide barriers, ”J. Acoust.Soc.Am., vol.55, pp.941-955, 1974.
A.L. Saenz, R.W.B. Stephens, “Noise pollution,” John Wiley&Sons, 1986.
B. Hemsworth,“Recent Developments in Wheel/Rail Noise Research,” Journal of Sound and Vibration, vol. 66, pp.297-310, 1979.
Cadna-A , Cadna-A Manual, Datakustik, 2011
F. Fahy, Sound and Structural Vibration: Radiation, Transmission and Response. Academic Press,1985.
ISO:226, Acoustics—normal equal-loudness contours, 2003.
L.E. Kinsler, A.R. Frey, A.B. Coppen & J.V. Sanders, “Fundamentals of Acoustics,” John Wiley& Sons, New York, 1982.
P.M. Morse, K.U. Ingard, “Theoretical Acoustics,” McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968.
Schall03 1990, Richtlinie zur Berechnung der Schallimmissionen von Schienewegen, Information Akustik 03 der DB,1990
Z. Maekawa, “Noise Reduction by Screens,”Applied Acoustics, vol.1, pp.157-173, 1968.
白明憲,“工程聲學”,全華書局,2004.
馬大猷,“現代聲學理論基礎”,北京科學出版社,2004.
張少輝, 吳成軍, 陳花玲, “高速列車輪軌滾動噪音的理論預估,”噪音與振動控制, 2001.
焦大化,“德國Schall03鐵路噪聲預測方法分析,”鐵道勞動安全與環保,34(5),213~218, 2007.
詹弘州,“高速鐵路噪音及隔音牆效果的預估模式比較研究,”台灣大學造船及海洋工程研究所,1998.
蘇德勝,噪音原理及控制. 臺龍書局，1991.
蘇怡瑞,“高速鐵路環境噪音預測模式與其隔音牆防治效果研究,”台灣大學造船及海洋工程研究所,1997.
鐵路交通噪音評估模式技術規範,行政院環境保護署,2003.