隨著全球氣候變遷加劇，森林火災的頻率和嚴重程度持續上升，凸顯研究火災對土壤微生物影響的重要性，森林土壤微生物在火燒後的植物再生和養分循環中扮演著關鍵角色。惠蓀林場2021年於杜鵑嶺的松林地內發生森林火災，本研究於相同的採樣地點獲取火燒前和火燒後 (8個月) 的土壤進行比較。其中依照不同林火適應策略的松樹類別區分為 : 火災適應型（Pinus亞屬，Pinus taiwanensis，台灣二葉松）和火災迴避型（Strobus亞屬，Pinus morrisonicola，台灣五葉松）。火燒前後土壤性質和微生物群落的變化。結果顯示，火燒後兩地的土壤pH提高，但電導度和總碳 (C)、氮 (N)含量皆呈下降趨勢。此外，比較火燒前後的土壤離子濃度後發現火燒前兩種松林之間存在顯著差異。在 Strobus 樣點，觀察到的 NO3- 和 SO42- 離子濃度明顯高於Pinus樣點，而其他離子（Cl-、Na+、NH4+、K+、Mg2+ 和 Ca2+）則沒有檢測到顯著變化。利用霰彈槍總體基因體學 (shotgun metagenomics) 的方法分析土壤微生物群落的結果顯示，火燒後α多樣性指數顯著增加，顯示火災可能為土壤微生物創造新的生態位。然而，不同松樹種類對土壤微生物群落表現出不同的影響，其中Strobus樣點的微生物多樣性略高於Pinus樣點。我們觀察到在微生物門的級別上，綠彎菌門、厚壁菌門和放線菌門的豐度顯著增加，顯示這些微生物可能具有適應火燒後的能力。同時，酸桿菌門的豐度顯著減少，這顯現出火燒對土壤環境和微生物群落的影響是多方面的，並且能促進某些微生物的生長。因此我們利用基因註釋的方法了解野火燃燒後土壤環境和植物群落組成的變化如何與微生物相互作用。以闡明火燒前後的土壤微生物功能性組成的變化。本文結果有助於全面理解火災對松林生態系統的影響，並為森林資源的管理提供參考依據。

As global climate change intensifies, forest fires are becoming more frequent and intense, Forest soil microbiomes have important ecosystem roles, such as sequestering soil carbon and nitrogen, processing soil nutrients, and forming critical interactions that support vegetation growth. This emphasizes the importance of studying the impact of fire on soil microbes. In 2021, a forest fire occurred in the Huishan Experimental Forest Station. This study compares soil samples from the same locations before the fire and eight months after. We compared two different pine species adapted to distinct fire regimes: a fire-tolerator (Pinus taiwanensis, subg. Pinus,台灣二葉松) and a fire-avoider (Pinus morrisonicola, subg. Strobus,台灣五葉松). We analyzed changes in soil properties and microbial communities before and after the fire, utilizing shotgun metagenomics technology to examine soil microbial communities. The results indicated that prior to the fire the concentrations of NO3- and SO42- were significantly higher at the Strobus site compared to the Pinus site, a difference that disappeared post-fire. Following the fire, the alpha diversity index increased significantly, particularly at the Strobus site. At the class level, Thermophiles, Gammaproteobacteria, and Ktedonobacteria were significantly enriched after the fire. We discovered that the microbial clusters enriched post-fire showed an increase in genes associated with pyrolytic carbon utilization, potentially enhancing their post-fire survival. These findings indicate that certain microbes possess traits that enable them to adapt to the new ecological niches created by fire. The impact of fire on soil microbial communities is multifaceted, causing short-term damage to some microbes while promoting the growth of others. Our genomic analysis reveals shifts in soil microbial taxonomy and function before and after the fire, offering insights into post-fire soil microbiome recovery.

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