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研究生: 陳冠亨
Chen, Kuan-heng
論文名稱: 應用虛擬實境技術做操船運動與三維波浪之模擬
The Simulation of Ship Maneuvering and Three-dimensional Waves using the Virtual Reality
指導教授: 楊世安
Yang, Shih-an
方銘川
Fang, Ming-chung
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 系統及船舶機電工程學系
Department of Systems and Naval Mechatronic Engineering
論文出版年: 2007
畢業學年度: 95
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 91
中文關鍵詞: 虛擬實境波浪船舶操縱性
外文關鍵詞: virtual reality, waves, ship maneuvering
相關次數: 點閱:97下載:3
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  • 本論文之研究目的,一是建立一套虛擬實境於波浪中之操船系統;二是建立一套虛擬船舶拖帶系統,不僅可以經由個別的船舶操縱,亦可以模擬船舶拖拉之動態行為;三是在此虛擬系統中,除了船舶運動的逼真性外,並呈現範圍內的三維波浪模擬真實性。
    本論文結合耐海性與操縱性之船體六度運動方程式來模擬船隻在不規則波浪中之運動,並結合六軸運動平台,建構成一個更加逼真的即時性操縱系統,其中六度運動數學模式以四階Runge-Kutta之數值方法來求解計算船隻在波浪中的時程領域運動反應。
    虛擬實境系統主要以VB軟體為控制介面,由3D Studio Max軟體事先建造模型後匯入EON,及LabVIEW軟體配合A/D擷取卡擷取訊號,及Fortran軟體計算船體六度運動,以及EON虛擬互動式軟體來呈現輸出效果。波浪呈現由EON軟體中所提供的CG模組來解決,以Cg來呈現動態波浪,並透過單槍投影機、背投影螢幕、六軸平台等周邊硬體設備來達到擬真效果,將來再以此為基礎進一步可開發出更優良的虛擬實境之操船系統。

    The main purpose of the present thesis can be described in three parts: (1) to establish the ship steering system in waves by virtual reality technique (2)to extend (1) to simulate the ship towing system (3) to simulate the three dimensional virtual random waves.
    Based on the nonlinear mathematical model including the seakeeping and maneuvering characteristics of the ship, the present study integrates the six degrees of freedom motion platform to form a real time virtual reality simulation system to simulate the ship motion in random waves. The 4th Runge-Kutta method is adopted to solve the time history of the ship motions in waves to supply the necessary motion data to the simulation system.
    The control interface of present virtual reality system is based on VB software. The scenery models are contracted in advance by 3D Studio Max software. The Rudder and RPM commands signals are transformed into digital data through the LabVIEW software and A/D card and transmit to the Fortran program for the ship motion calculation. With the output motion data, the virtual reality ship simulator can be operated according to the commands of the operator. The simulation system for ship maneuvering in waves developed here can be extended to meet the IMO requirement and will be helpful to the related navigation training.

    中文摘要 I 英文摘要 II 誌謝 IV 目錄 V 表目錄 VIII 圖目錄 IX 符號說明 XIII 1 緒論 1 1.1 前言 1 1.2文獻回顧 3 1.2.1 船舶操縱理論 3 1.2.2 史都華六軸平台理論 5 1.3 論文架構 6 2 數學模式 7 2.1 座標系與運動方程式 7 2.2 船體運動方程式 8 2.3 波浪 10 2.3.1 規則波 11 2.3.2 長峰波 11 2.3.3 短峰波 13 3 虛擬實境之架構 15 3.1 硬體架構 16 3.1.1 操作平台 17 3.1.2 監控平台 17 3.1.3 模擬平台 19 3.2 虛擬實境軟體之選用 20 3.3 軟體架構 21 3.3.1 3D Studio Max 22 3.3.2 Visual Basic 23 3.3.3 LabVIEW 24 3.3.4 Fortran 26 3.3.5 EON 28 3.4 電腦繪圖技術 32 3.4.1 Cg 32 3.4.2 頂點著色器 34 3.4.3 像素著色器 35 4 虛擬實境之整合 36 4.1 EON場景節點功能 36 4.1.1 LoadPath節點功能 36 4.1.2 Script節點功能 37 4.1.3 TimerSensor節點功能 39 4.1.4 Collision節點功能 39 4.1.5 DOF節點功能 40 4.1.6 CgMaterial節點功能 41 4.2 虛擬場景 42 4.2.1 場景的建立 42 4.2.2 場景的驗證 43 4.2.3 控制視窗的建立 46 4.2.4 聲音 47 4.2.5 海圖 48 4.2.6 切換不同視點 49 4.2.7 氣候 50 4.2.8 碰撞 51 4.2.9 波浪 52 4.3 傳輸架構 53 4.3.1 座標轉換 53 4.3.2 訊號的傳遞 54 4.3.3 六軸平台訊號傳遞 57 5 實例模擬 60 5.1 計算船舶實例 60 5.2 三維波浪與船舶周遭海況之模擬 62 5.2.1 三維波浪的形成 62 5.2.2 三維波浪的範圍 71 5.2.3 高雄港內之波浪影響調整 73 5.2.4 三維波浪的驗證 73 5.2.5 三維波浪與周遭船體的互動 75 5.3 即時性 76 6 結果與討論 82 6.1 結論 82 6.2 未來展望 83 參考文獻 86

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