對日益嚴峻的氣候變遷挑戰，開發高效能的碳捕集再利用與封存技術（carbon capture, utilization, and storage, CCUS）成為全球永續發展的關鍵策略。微藻因其卓越的光合作用速度和優良的二氧化碳固定能力而受到重視，成為生物碳封存技術研究的焦點。然而，由於CO₂在水中的溶解度不高、滯留時間有限以及傳質效率較低，這些因素限制了其在微藻培養系統中的利用效果，進一步影響了生物質的產量與碳儲存潛力。
本研究旨在探討金屬有機框架（Metal-Organic Frameworks，MOFs）在微藻培養過程中作為二氧化碳（CO₂）吸附劑的應用潛力。我們選擇了具有優良水穩定性和高比表面積的MIL-100(Fe)，應用於小球藻Chlorella sorokiniana在不同環境下進行共培養試驗，當中評估不同CO₂濃度對微藻的生長速率、生物質產量和碳固定效率的影響；也分析了MOF對CO₂傳輸動力學及微藻代謝機制之間的潛在交互作用，並對使用前後的穩定性和環境安全性進行評估。研究結果顯示在0.4%的CO₂氣體條件下，添加50 ppm的MIL-100(Fe)顯著提高了微藻的乾重產量、葉綠素含量以及脂質的累積。這表明金屬有機框架材料（MOF）可以作為CO₂的緩釋劑，提供穩定的無機碳源，從而支持微藻的生長和碳固定。透過進一步分析培養液中的碳酸氫根變化及pH的穩定性，也證實了MOF對改善微藻培養環境的正面影響。但MOF在在高濃度尿素條件下，其結構會受到損害，導致其吸附和釋放功能的下降。因此，未來在系統設計中需要重點考慮如何在維持MOF穩定性的同時，也需優化培養條件和培養基的成分。
整體而言，在適當的條件下，將MIL-100(Fe)添加到微藻培養體系中能顯著提高其生物質產量及碳封存效率，未來可以進一步進行經濟效益分析以及系統放大測試，以推動MOF–微藻系統在實際工業應用的可行性。

Increasing pressure from climate change has driven the development of cost-effective carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) technologies, which are an important component of the strategy for sustainable global development. Microalgae have received considerable attention within many biological approaches due to their high photosynthetic efficiency and high carbon fixation potential, making them an attractive platform for biological carbon sequestration. The effective utilization of CO₂ in microalgal cultivation remains limited by its relatively low solubility, short retention time in the aqueous environment, and the poor mass transfer associated with aqueous systems.
This study aimed to explore the feasibility of implementing metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as CO₂ adsorbents in algal cultivation systems. MIL-100(Fe) MOF was selected for its high surface area and excellent water stability, and it was used to cultivate Chlorella sorokiniana under various environmental conditions. Different CO₂ concentrations were assessed for their effect on alga growth rate, biomass productivity, and carbon fixation efficiency. MOFs would be expected to create interactions with CO₂, algal metabolic processes, and CO₂ transport dynamics, potentially altering the chemical environment. However, these effects were to be determined, and the MOF's structural stability and environmental safety were assessed before application and after use.
Under conditions of 0.4% CO₂ aeration, the presence of 50 ppm MIL-100(Fe) increased algal dry biomass and all other carbon indicators, including chlorophyll-bound carbon and lipid-captured carbon, semi-quantitatively compared to the controls without MOFs. Therefore, when used in algal cultivation systems, MOFs can act as solid CO₂ reservoirs, delivering bioavailable inorganic carbon (bicarbonate) sustainably over time, to facilitate and enhance photosynthesis and carbon fixation. The chemical environment without MOFs, in the context of the unknown carbon composition, was also quantitatively assessed by analyzing other parameters. A more stable pH and different bicarbonate dynamics were observed, which were not compromised compared to the MOF-containing system, while also confirming that the addition of MOFs creates a desirable cultivation environment.
While there was structural degradation of the MIL-100(Fe) MOFs under high urea concentrations, resulting in detrimental molecular influences on the adsorptive-desorptive capabilities of the MIL-100(Fe) instrument, further implying that optimized nutritional formulations and cultivation parameters promote recoverable MOFs in perpetuity.
In summary, considering the addition of MIL-100(Fe) into microalgal cultivation systems, the indispensable factors were suitable and did not compromise the stability of the MIL-100(Fe) compound. Biomass productivity and carbon sequestration efficiency, based on biomass, were significantly increased. Future directions for this work include tracking the fate of carbon in nutrient formulations, performing cost-benefit assessments, and designing scale-up experiments to evaluate the feasibility of large-scale implementation of MOF–microalgae systems for algal cultivation in biofuel production, CO₂ recycling, and wastewater treatment.

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