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研究生: 黃玟傑
Huang, Wen-Jie
論文名稱: 傾轉機翼式無人飛機設計及飛行驗證研究
The Design and Flight Test of a Tilt-Wing UAV
指導教授: 賴維祥
Lai, Wei-Hsiang
學位類別: 碩士
Master
系所名稱: 工學院 - 航空太空工程學系碩士在職專班
Department of Aeronautics & Astronautics (on the job class)
論文出版年: 2009
畢業學年度: 97
語文別: 中文
論文頁數: 80
中文關鍵詞: 無人飛機垂直起降傾轉機翼飛機設計
外文關鍵詞: Tilt-wing, UAV, VTOL, Aircraft design
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  • 隨著航空科技的不斷演新,航空器除了定翼機與直升機等傳統型式外,結合了水平和垂直飛行能力之雙型態航空器也相繼研發誕生,然而這類型航空器卻有著先天不穩定性及結構複雜等問題存在。有鑑於此,本研究以傾轉式機翼機作為研究基礎,並參考其他具有垂直起降功能之無人飛機型式,設計以水平及垂直機翼所結合的十字型機翼作為傾轉機翼。在傾轉機翼尺寸設計下,螺旋槳氣流不與主翼衝擊產生渦環,形成飛機之縱向不對稱升力,可增加低空起降過程之飛機穩定性能。而傾轉機翼的舵面控制及固定式螺旋槳搭配無刷馬達驅動下,不僅取代了旋翼十字盤複雜控制系統及減速機構,在系統簡化同時也降低了飛機重量及機翼結構等問題。經由飛機設計及實際飛行驗證,本文設計傾轉式機翼飛具在垂直起降及懸停飛行階段之飛行結果已可成功的展示飛行,在無俯仰控制力矩且有風環境下,受外力擾動之機體在短暫時間內,仍可藉由不同控制方式得到期望的操控效果,此型無人飛行載具設計之可行性可獲得確認。

    Aviation technology has been developing continuously. Other than aircraft with fixed-wing and traditional helicopter, the new design is created to combine horizontal and vertical flight, but this model has unstable and complicated structure problems. In consideration of those problems, this study bases on tilt-wing aircraft and refers to other VTOL UAV. The tilt-wing design uses cross wing with horizontal and vertical wings combination. With the tilt-wing design, the propeller and airflow creates vortex and increase the longitudinal dissymmetry of lift. The tilt-wing's flap is run by the flapping control system which can minimize the complexity of blade flapping control system and the gear box. It also decreases the empty weight of aircraft' and structure of wing problems. The results of flight test of tilt-wing vehicle show a successful vertical take-off and stable hovering. Under the circumstance of un-pitching moment and windy environment, it still can obtain the expected control effect via different control mode when the craft encounter the external interference in the short time. It is also proved that this kind of tilt-wing design with cross-wing combination is feasible.

    中文摘要..................................................I 英文摘要.................................................II 誌謝....................................................III 目錄.....................................................IV 表目錄...................................................VI 圖目錄..................................................VII 符號說明.................................................IX 第一章 緒論..............................................1 1-1 前言..................................................1 1-2 文獻回顧..............................................2 1-3 研究動機..............................................4 1-4 研究方法及目標........................................6 1-5 論文架構..............................................8 第二章 飛具設計...........................................9 2-1 概念設計..............................................9 2-2 初步設計.............................................17 第三章 細部設計..........................................25 3-1 阻力係數與巡航升力係數之估算.........................25 3-2 最大升阻比估算.......................................28 3-3 飛行速度估算.........................................28 3-4 縱向穩定餘度分析.....................................29 第四章 懸停飛行性能分析..................................33 4-1 通過傾轉機翼之管流直徑與面積估算.....................33 4-2 螺旋槳管流雷諾數預估與Javafoil軟體模擬分析...........36 4-3 懸停階段瞬間姿態最大修正力估算.......................39 第五章 控制方式..........................................47 5-1 結合增穩系統之控制迴路...............................47 5-2 硬體架構.............................................48 5-3 硬體修正量調整與控制程序.............................50 第六章 飛機製作..........................................51 6-1 飛機製作流程.........................................51 6-2 AutoCAD製圖..........................................52 6-3 機體各部件成型及組裝.................................54 第七章 飛行驗證..........................................56 7-1 傾轉機構測試.........................................56 7-2 低空垂直起降及懸停測試...............................56 7-3 10公尺高度垂直起降及懸停測試.........................60 第八章 結論與未來工作....................................62 8-1 結論.................................................62 8-2未來研究方向..........................................62 参考文獻.................................................64 附錄A 推力測試...........................................66 附錄B 選用零件...........................................72 自述.....................................................80

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