本研究利用高溫雷射共軛焦顯微鏡進行含鎂低碳鋼中介在物誘導針狀肥粒鐵成核與成長之即時觀測。由即時觀測影像紀錄各冷卻速度下，沃斯田鐵相轉變至肥粒鐵相之溫度與時間，並建構連續冷卻變態圖。冷卻速度越快，針狀肥粒鐵開始生成溫度越低，沃斯田鐵轉變為針狀肥粒鐵的過冷度越大。而針狀肥粒鐵成核率與成長速度都與過冷度有正向關係。
介在物的化學成分與尺寸為影響針狀肥粒鐵成核的因素，含鎂低碳鋼試片中，含鎂複合型介在物（如：MgAl2O4-MnS與MgO-MnS）具有高針狀肥粒鐵成核率，其次為氧化鎂（MgO）與鎂鋁尖晶石（MgAl2O4），成核率最低者為硫化錳（MnS）。本研究針對針狀肥粒鐵成核機制進行深入探討，冷卻過程介在物周圍產生的熱應變能與肥粒鐵成核能量相差甚大，故熱應變能並非主要助因。MgAl2O4、MgO與肥粒鐵具備良好的晶格匹配度，使肥粒鐵易在其界面成核；而MnS與肥粒鐵界面晶格匹配度較差，導致針狀肥粒鐵不易形成。在Mg-Al-O-Mn-S複合介在物周圍發現150 nm寬的錳貧乏區，錳貧乏區的存在有利針狀肥粒鐵成核，使得有MnS析附之複合型介在物誘導針狀肥粒鐵成核之能力提升70~85%。

SS400 steel with 13 ppm magnesium was prepared to study the effects of supercooling degree on the formation behavior of acicular ferrite (AF) and microstructures of Mg-containing low-carbon steel. The inclusions characterized using automated inclusion analyzer, ASPEX, were mostly MnS, MgAl2O4 and MgO with sizes of 1-2 μm. The growth behavior of AF during the cooling process for austenite transformation to ferrite was investigated using in-situ observation with high-temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). A continuous cooling temperature diagram of Mg-containing low-carbon steel was created based on the in-situ CLSM observation. The initial formation temperature of AF decreased with increasing cooling rate. The temperature of AF transformation was in a narrow range of around 100-150°C. The probability of AF nucleation at inclusions and the average AF lath growth rate increased with increasing degree of undercooling due to the larger driving force of ferrite formatiom during the cooling processes. For all cooling rates, AF lath growth rate tended to greatly decrease when the AF lath nucleation temperature approached the ferrite phase final transformation temperature.
According to the results of statistical analysis of inclusions, the smaller the inclusion size is the more potential the inclusion has for AF nucleation. Besides, the nclusions size between 1 ~ 2 μm have the best ability to induce AF formation. The acicular ferrite tend to nucleate at the interface of MgO and spinel because of their high coherency with acicular ferrite. Complex inclusions such as MgO-MnS and spinel-MnS, have better ability of inducing AF formation due to the Mn-depleted zone.

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