題目：多種防火門鎖應用於遮煙試驗爐流場之數值模擬
研究生：蔡承勳
指導教授：林三益
關鍵字：煙控、遮煙門鎖、洩漏量、遮煙試驗爐

本論文研究透過計算流體力學(CFD)模型進行遮煙試驗爐安裝多種防火門鎖之洩漏量數值模擬，並採用商用套裝軟體ANSYS Fluent來進行模擬。數值方法上，選擇SIMPLE演算法求解不可壓縮納維爾─史托克(Navier-Stokes)方程式，並使用標準之K-Epsilon紊流模型，網格部分採用結構型網格。為求模擬準確度，先進行三維空穴流及三維彎管之驗證，最後與成功大學防火安全研究中心所提供之常溫洩漏量測試實驗結果進行比對，且進行網格數及時間步獨立性分析，以確立最終模擬模型，探討其洩漏量與壓差之關係。
模擬結果方面，探討在遮煙試驗爐體的九個不同位置上建立鎖孔時，若開孔處位於爐體右側，其量測壓力處易受到爐內流場影響，使得壓差值較高，結果較不理想；在相同截面積之開孔大小時，長寬比的比例越極端時，得到之壓差值越高；當開孔中間有實心壁面時，所得到之壓差值也會上升；截面積變化對縮流係數之影響大於位置及長寬比所帶來之影響。

Numerical Simulation of Flow Field on Air Leakage Test Furnace with Various Fireproof Locks

San-Yin Lin
Cheng-Hsun Tsai

Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics
National Cheng Kung University

Summary

In this study, the flow fields in air leakage test furnace with various fireproof locks were simulated by the CFD model. The simulations were carried out by ANSYS Fluent. The SIMPLE method is selected to solve the solutions of the incompressible Navier - Stokes equations. The Standard K-Epsilon turbulence model was chosen for the turbulence flow simulations. The grid system used structure meshing.
First, two test cases, three-dimensional cavity flow and three-dimensional curved pipe, are simulated to demonstrate higher simulation accuracy. Then the air leakage in the air leakage test furnace, provided by the Fire Protection and Safety Research Center, NCKU, is investigated. The grid independence and time step analysis are carried out. Finally, discussing air leakage relate with different positions for fireproof lock, aspect ratio and different door aperture height. One can find out that the higher pressure difference is obtained when the fireproof lock is located at the right-hand side area. The effect Kf by changing on the cross-sectional area is greater than by changing position or aspect ratio.

Keywords：Smoke control、Fireproof Locks、Air Leakage、Air Leakage Test Furnace

Introduction
Fire is the common hazard. Fire causes heat and smoke by burning. The biggest factor causes casualties isn’t always high temperature fire. But the choking smoke is the most harmful reason for fire deaths. How to control the proliferation effectively of smoke is a very important issue. By doing research of smoke field control can avoid the path confliction between human and smoke. So, this study using ANSYS FLUENT to simulate the smoke in air leakage test furnace with various fireproof locks. Providing company to predict the performance of fireproof locks. And the saving in cost is really substantial.

Materials and methods
The model of the air leakage test furnace provided by the Fire Protection and Safety Research Center, NCKU. The entire model was meshed by ANSYS ICEM CFD and the grid system used structure meshing. The simulations were carried out by ANSYS Fluent. The Standard K-Epsilon turbulence model which is a two equations to solve parameters for velocity and length. And velocity and length were chosen for the turbulence flow simulations. The SIMPLE (Semi Implicit Method for Pressure Linked Equations) method is selected to solve the solutions of the incompressible Navier - Stokes equations. First, two test cases, three-dimensional cavity flow and three-dimensional curved pipe, are simulated to demonstrate higher simulation accuracy. Using the CFD model to simulate the flow fields in air leakage test furnace with various fireproof locks. Discussing the relationship between air leakage and pressure difference.
Results and discussion
There are nine different positions of fireproof lock in air leakage test furnace. The air leakage and cross-sectional area are fixed. The results show that the higher pressure difference of the fireproof lock is located at S13、S23、S33. Because the streamline of the right side flow field in the test furnace is densely, the higher velocity is obtained. The air flows out lower at the fireproof lock from S13、S23、S33. However, the cross-sectional area of the fireproof lock is fixed and varying the different aspect ratio to obtain the relationship between air leakage and pressure difference. The higher aspect ratio will cause higher pressure difference when the cross-sectional area is fixed. The horizontal direction with higher aspect ratio will cause higher pressure difference than vertical direction. Finally, the different of door seam height for air leakage is studied. When the cross-sectional area is increased and the air leakage is also increased. Discovering cross-sectional area has more effect than varying position or fireproof lock aspect ratio for air leakage.

Conclusion
In the physical study, the air leakage for fireproof lock with nine different positions is studied. The higher pressure difference obtained when the fireproof lock is located at the right-hand side area. The higher aspect ratio will cause higher pressure difference when the cross-sectional area is fixed. And the horizontal direction with highest aspect ratio will obtain the highest pressure difference. It is also happened when the fireproof lock is located near the wall compared to the lock is located at the center. Finally, the higher door seam height will cause lower pressure difference. The effect of Kf, by varying the cross-sectional area is greater than changing position or fireproof lock aspect ratio for air leakage.

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