隨著長時間使用電腦成為主流的工作模式，軟體工程師面臨嚴重的健康風險，然而現尚缺乏適用於台灣軟體工程師之職場健康促進計畫。本研究旨在應用周全職場健康促進模式，設計並評估一項新發展之職場健康促進計畫的可行性。
本研究遵循周全職場健康促進模式之八個階段進行（啟動、整合、需求評估、優先順序、計畫、執行、評價與改善），前四階段包含聯繫單位取得共識，並調查工作環境與症狀普遍性之現況以確認優先順序；於第五階段設計六週課程；於後三階段分析可行性並提出完善計畫的建議。
招募可行性之受試者回應率為11%，符合納入標準之招募率為81%。資料蒐集之可行性，結果顯示資料蒐集過程對工作影響小且受試者自覺填答困難程度低。介入可行性之評估結果，課程出席率均超過77%，平均每堂課的滿意度高且平均自覺負擔程度低。在執行本計畫所需之資源，每堂課平均耗時為538分鐘（以課程準備及交通時間佔比最高）。個人健康影響之前後測比較結果顯示，受試者在部分工作相關肌肉骨骼不適症狀嚴重度、工作環境、肩膀姿勢及肌力表現等指標上有顯著正向變化，在電腦視覺症候群症狀嚴重度和健康相關生活品質則沒有變化，而頸部姿勢與肌肉僵硬程度則呈現負向變化趨勢。部分正向效果可持續至追蹤測驗。
本研究建議未來宜採取更多元的宣傳方式來提升回應率，而在計畫成效的部分可透過納入提醒系統來提升對個人健康的影響，同時建議標準化評估時間點，並記錄環境因素、運動習慣及偶發的受傷狀況以減少成效評估誤差。

Prolonged computer usage has become the mainstream work pattern, which may pose health risks for software engineers. However, workplace health promotion (WHP) programs tailored to software engineers in Taiwan are lacking. This study aimed to apply the Comprehensive Workplace Health Promotion (CWHP) model to design and evaluate a new WHP program.
This study followed eight CWHP stages: (1) mobilize, (2) assemble, (3) assess, (4) prioritize, (5) plan, (6) do, (7) evaluate, and (8) improve. Initial four stages involved company communication and workplace assessment to set priorities; the fifth stage developed six weekly one-hour sessions; final three stages analyzed feasibility and suggested program improvement.
The participant response rate was 11%, with an eligibility rate of 81%. The results of the data collection process showed minimal participant disruption and low perceived questionnaire difficulty. Regarding the intervention feasibility, all course attendance rates exceeded 77%, with high satisfaction and low perceived burden. Regarding the required resources, each session averaged 538 minutes, mainly spent on preparation and transportation. The health outcomes on participants showed significant positive changes in the severity of work-related musculoskeletal discomfort, work environment, shoulder posture, and muscle strength. No significant changes were observed in the severity of computer vision syndrome symptoms and health-related quality of life, while neck posture and muscle stiffness showed a trend toward negative changes. Some positive effects were sustained until the follow-up assessment.
This study suggests using diverse strategies to boost response rates and adding reminders to facilitate health outcomes. It is recommended to standardize assessment timing and collect information regarding environmental factors, exercise routines, and injuries to reduce potential data collection biases.

GoodJob（無日期）。軟體工程師薪水&加班狀況。GoodJob職場透明化運動。2024年6月27日取自https://www.goodjob.life/about

王健全、林嘉慧、彭素玲、黃勢璋、洪志銘、賴偉文、蔡鳳凰、簡淑綺、陳穎萱（2023年10月）。2023年中小企業白皮書。經濟部中小及新創企業署。https://www.sme.gov.tw/files/11263/95C04434-3ADE-47AD-BE55-F04DC297513A

王子娟、謝曼麗（2021）。職場肌肉骨骼傷病健康管理指引第二版。臺灣勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所。 https://results.ilosh.gov.tw/ifiAdmin/wSite/util/fileDownload?icuitem=37142&ixCuAttach=40579

中華民國衛生福利部（2021年3月8日）。中醫護眼操［影片］。YouTube。https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aa53izHx7nM&ab_channel=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%A1%9B%E7%94%9F%E7%A6%8F%E5%88%A9%E9%83%A8

行政院主計總處（無日期）。標準職業分類: 第一大類（第六次修訂）。中華民國統計資訊網。https://www.stat.gov.tw/StandardOccupationalClassificationContent.aspx?n=3145&sms=11196&RID=6&PID=Mg==&Level=1

李鴻基（2024年6月7日）。How can Taiwan's new economy become a key force for the future［影片］。YouTube。https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mehJ0kyzb18&t=554s&ab_channel=InnoVEX

李貞嫺、彭佳玲、林國榮（2023年6月9日）。勞動環境安全衛生認知調查-2022年。勞動部勞動及職業安全衛生研究所。https://results.ilosh.gov.tw/ifiAdmin/wSite/util/fileDownload?icuitem=40066&ixCuAttach=43226

林佩瑩（2021）。運用職場周全性健康促進模式改善老人福利機構工作者健康促進行為及健康之成效研究﹝博士論文，國立臺灣師範大學﹞。臺灣博碩士論文知識加值系統。 https://hdl.handle.net/11296/uk4gu9

林立中、蘇意晴、姚開屏（2020）。「臺灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷」之信度概化研究。測驗學刊，67(3)，215-235。https://www.airitilibrary.com/Article/Detail?DocID=16094905-202009-202010220006-202010220006-215-235

社區健康組（2023年9月22日）。久坐起來動一動，辦公室健康（伸展運動篇）。衛生福利部國民健康署。https://www.hpa.gov.tw/Pages/Detail.aspx?nodeid=571&pid=14181

社區健康組（2017年3月30日）。職場周全健康促進工作手冊。國民健康署。https://health99.hpa.gov.tw/m3265

姚開屏（2005年）。台灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷之發展及使用手冊（第二版）。世界衛生組織生活品質問卷台灣版問卷發展小組。

國家發展委員會（2023年5月）。112-114 年重點產業人才供需調查及推估（111年辦理成果彙整報告）。國家發展委員會。 https://ws.ndc.gov.tw/Download.ashx?u=LzAwMS9hZG1pbmlzdHJhdG9yLzE4L3JlbGZpbGUvNjAzNy85NzI0LzY3YzNiNmNkLTYwY2UtNDc2YS05ZmIxLTI2ODQwODk1NjdjOC5wZGY%3d&n=MTEyLTExNOW5tOmHjem7nueUoualreS6uuaJjeS%2bm%2bmcgOiqv%2bafpeWPiuaOqOS8sCgxMTHlubTovqbnkIbmiJDmnpzlvZnmlbTloLHlkYopLnBkZg%3d%3d&icon=.pdf

陳淑婷（2021）。結合社會認知理論及周全性職場健康促進模式改善職場員工體適能及身體活動量之介入成效–以臺北市某行政中心為例〔碩士論文，國立臺灣大學〕。華藝線上圖書館。https://doi.org/10.6342/NTU202104298

黃仁勳（2024年6月2日）。人工智慧如何帶動全球新產業革命發展［影片］。YouTube。https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pKXDVsWZmUU&t=1s&ab_channel=NVIDIA

勞動部新聞聯絡室 （2022年2月23日）。 110年勞工生活及就業狀況調查統計結果。勞動部。https://www.mol.gov.tw/1607/1632/1640/48857/post

勞動部新聞聯絡室（2004年11月26日）。勞工使用電腦狀況。勞動部。https://www.mol.gov.tw/1607/1632/1640/13925/post

勞動部（無日期）。補助企業改善工作環境及促進職場勞工身心健康作業要點。勞動部職業安全衛生署https://www.mol.gov.tw/media/x0jaqtre/%E9%99%84%E4%BB%B6_%E5%8B%9E%E5%8B%95%E9%83%A8%E8%A3%9C%E5%8A%A9%E4%BC%81%E6%A5%AD%E6%94%B9%E5%96%84%E5%B7%A5%E4%BD%9C%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83%E5%8F%8A%E4%BF%83%E9%80%B2%E8%81%B7%E5%A0%B4%E5%8B%9E%E5%B7%A5%E8%BA%AB%E5%BF%83%E5%81%A5%E5%BA%B7%E4%BD%9C%E6%A5%AD%E8%A6%81%E9%BB%9E.pdf?mediaDL=true

經濟部（2020年6月24日）。中小企業發展條例相關標準。全國法規資料庫。https://law.moj.gov.tw/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=J0140003

樹人醫專康健資訊網（2020）。日常眼部功能小運動眼球護眼操［影片］。YouTube。https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AbW9iCczcE&ab_channel=%E6%A8%B9%E4%BA%BA%E9%86%AB%E5%B0%88%E5%BA%B7%E5%81%A5%E8%B3%87%E8%A8%8A%E7%B6%B2

董貞吟、張家臻、賴意櫻、林佩瑩、簡彰蔚（2016）。周全性職場健康促進模式推動策略之文獻回顧。工業安全衛生，（328），29-44。https://doi.org/10.6311/ISHM.2016.328.4

職業衛生健康組（2014年8月）。人因性危害預防計畫指引。勞動部職業安全衛生署。https://www.osha.gov.tw/media/o51ee2km/%E4%BA%BA%E5%9B%A0%E6%80%A7%E5%8D%B1%E5%AE%B3%E9%A0%90%E9%98%B2%E8%A8%88%E7%95%AB%E6%8C%87%E5%BC%95.pdf

鍾秉辰、金大仁（2019）。顯示器IC設計公司工作環境肌肉骨骼健康危害分析與改善方法探討。工業安全衛生，（359），26-49。https://doi.org/10.6311/ISHM.201905_(359).0004

Aarås, A., Horgen, G., Ro, O., Løken, E., Mathiasen, G., Bjørset, H. H., Larsen, S., & Thoresen, M. (2005). The effect of an ergonomic intervention on musculoskeletal, psychosocial and visual strain of VDT data entry work: the Norwegian part of the international study. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics, 11(1), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2005.11076627

Alves, M., Asbell, P., Dogru, M., Giannaccare, G., Grau, A., Gregory, D., Kim, D. H., Marini, M. C., Ngo, W., Nowinska, A., Saldanha, I. J., Villani, E., Wakamatsu, T. H., Yu, M., & Stapleton, F. (2023). TFOS Lifestyle Report: Impact of environmental conditions on the ocular surface. Ocular Surface, 29, 1-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.007

Anan, T., Kajiki, S., Oka, H., Fujii, T., Kawamata, K., Mori, K., & Matsudaira, K. (2021). Effects of an Artificial Intelligence-Assisted Health Program on Workers With Neck/Shoulder Pain/Stiffness and Low Back Pain: Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Medical Internet Research mHealth and uHealth, 9(9), e27535. https://doi.org/10.2196/27535

Anan, A. H. (2010). Effects of intermittent stretching exercises at work on musculoskeletal pain associated with the use of a personal computer and the influence of media on outcomes. Work, 36(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2010-1004

Andersen, C. H., Andersen, L. L., Gram, B., Pedersen, M. T., Mortensen, O. S., Zebis, M. K., & Sjøgaard, G. (2012). Influence of frequency and duration of strength training for effective management of neck and shoulder pain: a randomised controlled trial. British journal of sports medicine, 46(14), 1004–1010. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090813

Anshel, J. (2005) Visual Ergonomics Handbook. CRC Press. https://ftp.idu.ac.id/wp-content/uploads/ebook/ip/BUKU%20ERGONOMI/BUKU%20INGGRIS/Visual%20Ergonomics%20Handbook.pdf

Ashwini, D. L., Ve, R. S., Nosch, D., & Wilmot, N. (2021). Efficacy of blink software in improving the blink rate and dry eye symptoms in visual display terminal users - A single-blinded randomized control trial. Indian journal of ophthalmology, 69(10), 2643–2648. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijo.IJO_3405_20

Asbjørnsen, R., Smedsrød, M., Solberg Nes, L., Wentzel, J., Varsi, C., Hjelmesæth, J., & van Gemert-Pijnen, J. (2019). Persuasive system design principles and behavior change techniques to stimulate motivation and adherence in electronic health interventions to support weight loss maintenance: Scoping review. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(6), e14265. https://doi.org/10.2196/14265

Bélanger, V., Delorme, J., Napartuk, M., Bouchard, I., Meloche, C., Curnier, D., Sultan, S., Laverdière, C., Sinnett, D., & Marcil, V. (2022). Early Nutritional Intervention to Promote Healthy Eating Habits in Pediatric Oncology: A Feasibility Study. Nutrients, 14(5), 1024. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051024

Bensa, K., & Širok, K. (2023). Is it time to re-shift the research agenda? A scoping review of participation rates in workplace health promotion programs. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), 2757. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032757

Bernaards, C. M., Bosmans, J. E., Hildebrandt, V. H., van Tulder, M. W., & Heymans, M. W. (2011). The cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle physical activity intervention in addition to a work style intervention on recovery from neck and upper limb symptoms and pain reduction in computer workers. Occupational and environmental medicine, 68(4), 265–272. https://doi.org/10.1136/oem.2008.045450

Boles, M., Pelletier, B., & Lynch, W. (2004). The relationship between health risks and work productivity. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 46(7), 737–745. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.jom.0000131830.45744.97

Cardoso, B., Mateus, C., Magalhães, R., & Rodrigues, M. A. (2023). Ergonomic intervention program for office workers: a case study about its effect in computer vision syndrome and musculoskeletal discomfort. Ergonomics, 68(1) 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2023.2288543

Cantó-Sancho, N., Seguí-Crespo, M., Zhao, G., & Ronda-Pérez, E. (2023). The Chinese version of the Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire: translation and cross-cultural adaptation. BioMed Central ophthalmology, 23, 298. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-023-03031-y

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Workplace health model. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. https://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/model/index.html

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2019) Workplace Health Promotion. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/workplace-health-promotion/php/

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Computer workstation checklist. U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/media/pdfs/Computer-Workstation-Checklist.pdf

Chairani, A., & Veteran, J. (2020). Validity and reliability test of the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire with formal and informal sector workers. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Public Health, Solo, Indonesia. https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph-FP.05.06

Chang, Y.-F., Yeh, C.-M., Huang, S.-L., Ho, C.-C., Li, R.-H., Wang, W.-H., & Tang, F.-C.(2020). Work ability and quality of life in patients with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(9), 3310. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17093310

Chang, S. J., Choi, S., Kim, S.-A., & Song, M. (2014). Intervention strategies based on information-motivation-behavioral skills model for health behavior change: A systematic review. Asian Nursing Research, 8(3), 172-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2014.08.002

Chen, N., Fong, D. Y. T., & Wong, J. Y. H. (2023). Health and economic outcomes associated with musculoskeletal disorders: attributable to high body mass index in 192 countries and territories in 2019. Journal of the American Medical Association Network Open, 6(1), e2250674. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.50674

Cieza, A., Causey, K., Kamenov, K., Hanson, S. W., Chatterji, S., & Vos, T. (2021). Global estimates of the need for rehabilitation based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2019: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet, 396(10267), 2006-2017. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)32340-0.

Clarke, M., Da Mhuircheartaigh, N., Walsh, G., Walsh, J., & Meldrum, D. (2011). Intra-tester and inter-tester reliability of the MicroFET 3 hand-held dynamometer. Physiotherapy Practice and Research, 32(1), 13–18. https://doi.org/10.3233/PPR-2011-32103

Curwin, S., Allt, J., Szpilfogel, C., & Makrides, L. (2013). The Healthy LifeWorks project: The effect of a comprehensive workplace wellness program on the prevalence and severity of musculoskeletal disorders in a Canadian government department. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 55(6), 628–633. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0b013e31829889c1

Demissie, B., Bayih, E. T., & Demmelash, A. A. (2024). A systematic review of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and risk factors among computer users. Heliyon, 10(3), e25075. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25075

Eckert, K. A., Carter, M. J., Lansingh, V. C., Wilson, D. A., Furtado, J. M., Frick, K. D., & Resnikoff, S. (2015). A Simple Method for Estimating the Economic Cost of Productivity Loss Due to Blindness and Moderate to Severe Visual Impairment. Ophthalmic epidemiology, 22(5), 349–355. https://doi.org/10.3109/09286586.2015.1066394

Eisele-Metzger, A., Schoser, D. S., Klein, M. D., Grummich, K., Schwarzer, G., Schwingshackl, L., Hermann, R., Biallas, B., Wilke, C., Meerpohl, J. J., & Braun, C. (2023). Interventions for preventing back pain among office workers - a systematic review and network meta analysis. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 49(1), 5–22. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.4070

Esmaeilzadeh, S., Ozcan, E., & Capan, N. (2014). Effects of ergonomic intervention on work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders among computer workers: a randomized controlled trial. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 87(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-012-0838-5

European Network for Workplace Health Promotion. (2018). Workplace Health Promotion. European Network for Workplace Health Promotion. https://www.enwhp.org/?i=portal.en.workplace-health-promotion

Fischer, A. A. (1987). Clinical use of tissue compliance meter for documentation of soft tissue pathology. The Clinical Journal of Pain, 3(1), 23-30.

Gale, N.K., Heath, G., Cameron, E. et al. Using the framework method for the analysis of qualitative data in multi-disciplinary health research (2013). BioMed Central Med Res Methodol, 13, 117. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-13-117

Geri, T., Botticchio, A., Rossettini, G., Pournajaf, S., Pellicciari, L., Di Antonio, S., & Castaldo, M. (2022). Pressure pain threshold of the upper trapezius trigger point: A systematic review with meta-analysis of baseline values and their modification after physical therapy. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(23), 7243. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11237243

Government of South Australia. (n.d.). Element 1: The healthy workplace model. Healthy Workplaces. Government of South Australia. https://www.healthyworkplaces.sa.gov.au/healthy-workplaces/how-to-create-a-healthy-workplace/element-1-the-healthy-workplace-model

Halpern, A. I., Jansen, J. A. F., Giladi, N., Mirelman, A., & Hausdorff, J. M. (2022). Does time of day influence postural control and gait? A review of the literature. Gait & Posture, 92, 153-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2021.10.023

Ho, Y.W. (2023, April 5). The software industry is facing a talent shortage, with four job openings for every available candidate. Commercial Times. https://www.ctee.com.tw/news/20230405700097-430502

Howarth, A., Quesada, J., Silva, J., Judycki, S., & Mills, P. R. (2018). The impact of digital health interventions on health-related outcomes in the workplace: A systematic review. Digital health, 4, 1-18 https://doi.org/10.1177/2055207618770861

Hoyle, J. A., Marras, W. S., Sheedy, J. E., & Hart, D. E. (2011). Effects of postural and visual stressors on myofascial trigger point development and motor unit rotation during computer work. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 21(1), 41–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2010.04.006

Hwang, Y., Shin, D., Eun, J., Suh, B., & Lee, J. (2021). Design Guidelines of a Computer-Based Intervention for Computer Vision Syndrome: Focus Group Study and Real-World Deployment. Journal of medical Internet research, 23(3), e22099. https://doi.org/10.2196/22099

Johnson, B., Zimmermann, T., & Bird, C. (2019). The effect of work environments on productivity and satisfaction of software engineers. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Transactions on Software Engineering, 47(4), 736-757. 10.1109/TSE.2019.2903053

Johnston, V., Chen, X., Welch, A., Sjøgaard, G., Comans, T. A., McStea, M., Straker, L., Melloh, M., Pereira, M., & O'Leary, S. (2021). A cluster-randomized trial of workplace ergonomics and neck-specific exercise versus ergonomics and health promotion for office workers to manage neck pain – A secondary outcome analysis. BioMed Central Musculoskeletal Disorders, 22(1), 68. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-03945-y

Joseph, R. P., Keller, C., & Ainsworth, B. E. (2016). Recruiting participants into pilot trials: Techniques for researchers with shoestring budgets. California Journal of Health Promotion, 14(2), 81-89. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5231400/pdf/nihms807015.pdf

Kalfoss, M. H., Reidunsdatter, R. J., Klöckner, C. A., & Nilsen, M. (2021). Validation of the WHOQOL-Bref: psychometric properties and normative data for the Norwegian general population. Health and quality of life outcomes, 19(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-020-01656-x

Kandel, H., Nguyen, V., Piermarocchi, S., Ceklic, L., Teo, K., Arnalich-Montiel, F., Miotto, S., Daien, V., Gillies, M. C., & Watson, S. L. (2022). Quality of life impact of eye diseases: a Save Sight Registries study. Clinical & experimental ophthalmology, 50(4), 386–397. https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.14050

Kibria, M. G., Parvez, M. S., Saha, P., & Talapatra, S. (2023). Evaluating the ergonomic deficiencies in computer workstations and investigating their correlation with reported musculoskeletal disorders and visual symptoms among computer users in Bangladeshi university. Heliyon, 9(11), e22179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22179

Kwon, Y. H., Choi, Y. W., Nam, S. H., & Lee, M. H. (2014). The influence of time of day on static and dynamic postural control in normal adults. Journal of Physical Therapy Science, 26(3), 409-412. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.26.409

Lema, A. K., & Anbesu, E. W. (2022). Computer vision syndrome and its determinants: A systematic review and meta-analysis. SAGE open medicine, 10, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/20503121221142402

León-Figueroa, D. A., Barboza, J. J., Siddiq, A., Sah, R., Valladares-Garrido, M. J., Adhikari, S., Aguirre-Milachay, E., Sah, S., & Rodriguez-Morales, A. J. (2024). revalence of computer vision syndrome during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BioMed Central public health, 24(1), 640. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17636-5

Levanon, Y., Gefen, A., Lerman, Y., Givon, U., & Ratzon, N. Z. (2012). Reducing musculoskeletal disorders among computer operators: comparison between ergonomics interventions at the workplace. Ergonomics, 55(12), 1571–1585. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2012.726654

Mahmoud, S. F., & Sabbour, M. E. H. (2021). Effect of educational intervention about computer vision syndrome on the severity of eye complaints among computer users. Egyptian Journal of Health Care, 12(3), 1476-1496. https://doi.org/10.21608/ejhc.2021.197201

Marangoni, A. H. (2010). Effects of intermittent stretching exercises at work on musculoskeletal pain associated with the use of a personal computer and the influence of media on outcomes. Work, 36(1), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-2010-1004

Marshall, B. (2012). A Qualitative examination of comprehensive workplace health promotion strategies in some workplaces in the districts of Simcoe and Muskoka [Ontario] (Doctoral dissertation). http://knowledgecommons.lakeheadu.ca/handle/2453/150

Moreno-Ligero, M., Moral-Muñoz, J. A., Salazar, A., & Failde, I. (2023). mHealth intervention for improving pain, quality of life, and functional disability in patients with chronic pain: Systematic review. Journal of Medical Internet Research mHealth and uHealth, 11, e40844. https://doi.org/10.2196/40844

Nakphet, N., Chaikumarn, M., & Janwantanakul, P. (2014). Effect of different types of rest-break interventions on neck and shoulder muscle activity, perceived discomfort, and productivity in symptomatic VDU operators: A randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 20(2), 339-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2014.11077048

National Institute of Food and Agriculture. (n.d.). How to Conduct a Cognitive Interview. U.S. Department of Agriculture. https://www.nifa.usda.gov/sites/default/files/resource/how-to-conduct-a-cognitive-interview.pdf

National Institutes of Health. (n.d.). Computer Workstation Ergonomics: Self-Assessment Checklist. National Institutes of Health, Office of Research Services, Division of Occupational Health and Safety. https://ors.od.nih.gov/sr/dohs/Documents/checklist-ergonomics-computer-workstation-self-assessment.pdf

Nicoletti, C., & Läubli, T. (2017). Trapezius muscle activity and body movement at the beginning and the end of a workday and during the lunch period in female office employees. Industrial Health, 55(2), 162-172. https://doi.org/10.2486/indhealth.2016-0189

Occupational Safety and Health Administration (n.d.). Computer Workstations: checklists – evaluation. Occupational Safety and Health Administration https://www.osha.gov/etools/computer-workstations/checklists/evaluation

Orsmond, G. I., & Cohn, E. S. (2015). The Distinctive Features of a Feasibility Study: Objectives and Guiding Questions. Occupational Therapy Journal of Research: occupation, participation and health, 35(3), 169–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/1539449215578649

Panchal, S., Viramgami, A. P., & Pingle, S. (2020). Prevalence and Determinants of Musculoskeletal Disorders among Information Technology Sector Employees of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. Journal of Comprehensive Health, 8(2), 90-93. https://doi.org/10.53553/JCH.v08i02.006

Pereira, M., Comans, T., Sjøgaard, G., Straker, L., Melloh, M., O'Leary, S., Chen, X., & Johnston, V. (2019). The impact of workplace ergonomics and neck-specific exercise versus ergonomics and health promotion interventions on office worker productivity: A cluster-randomized trial. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 45(1), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3760

Pereira, M. J., Johnston, V., Straker, L. M., Sjøgaard, G., Melloh, M., O'Leary, S. P., & Comans, T. A. (2017). An Investigation of Self-reported Health-related Productivity Loss in Office Workers and Associations With Individual and Work-related Factors Using an Employer's Perspective. Journal of occupational and environmental medicine, 59(7), e138–e144. https://doi.org/10.1097/JOM.0000000000001043

Pinto, C. C., & Casarin, F. A. (2018). The relation between ergonomics and quality of life at work: A literature review. Revista Ação Ergonômica, 13(1), 97-113. https://doi.org/10.4322/rae.v13e201805.en

Proper, K. I., & van Oostrom, S. H. (2019). The effectiveness of workplace health promotion interventions on physical and mental health outcomes - a systematic review of reviews. Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health, 45(6), 546–559. https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.3833

Ranasinghe, P., Wathurapatha, W. S., Perera, Y. S., Lamabadusuriya, D. A., Kulatunga, S., Jayawardana, N., & Katulanda, P. (2016). Computer vision syndrome among computer office workers in a developing country: an evaluation of prevalence and risk factors. BioMed Central research notes, 9, 150. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-016-1962-1

Rezai, R., SantaBarbara, N., Almirol, E., Shedd, K., Terry, E., Park, M., & Comulada, W. S. (2020). Efficacy and costs of a workplace wellness programme. Occupational Medicine (Oxford, England), 70(9), 649–655. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa189

Robertson, M. M., Huang, Y. H., & Lee, J. (2017). Improvements in musculoskeletal health and computing behaviors: Effects of a macroergonomics office workplace and training intervention. Applied Ergonomics, 62, 182-196. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2017.02.017

Robertson, M. M., Ciriello, V. M., & Garabet, A. M. (2013). Office ergonomics training and a sit-stand workstation: effects on musculoskeletal and visual symptoms and performance of office workers. Applied ergonomics, 44(1), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2012.05.001

Rongen, A., Robroek, S. J. W., van Lenthe, F. J., & Burdorf, A. (2013). Workplace health promotion: a meta-analysis of effectiveness. American journal of preventive medicine, 44(4), 406–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2012.12.007

Sayegh, R. R., Yu, Y., Farrar, J. T., Kuklinski, E. J., Shtein, R. M., Asbell, P. A., Maguire, M. G., & Dry Eye Assessment and Management (DREAM) Study Research Group (2021). Ocular Discomfort and Quality of Life Among Patients in the Dry Eye Assessment and Management Study. Cornea, 40(7), 869–876. https://doi.org/10.1097/ICO.0000000000002580

Schwartz, J. K., Fermin, A., Fine, K., Iglesias, N., Pivarnik, D., Struck, S., Varela, N., & Janes, W. E. (2020). Methodology and feasibility of a 3D printed assistive technology intervention. Disability and rehabilitation. Assistive technology, 15(2), 141–147. https://doi.org/10.1080/17483107.2018.1539877

Seguí, M.delM., Cabrero-García, J., Crespo, A., Verdú, J., & Ronda, E. (2015). A reliable and valid questionnaire was developed to measure computer vision syndrome at the workplace. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 68(6), 662–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2015.01.015

Shahwan, B. S., D'emeh, W. M., & Yacoub, M. I. (2022). Evaluation of computer workstations ergonomics and its relationship with reported musculoskeletal and visual symptoms among university employees in Jordan. International journal of occupational medicine and environmental health, 35(2), 141–156. https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01822

Sharma, P. P., Mehta, R. K., Pickens, A., Han, G., & Benden, M. (2019). Sit-Stand Desk Software Can Now Monitor and Prompt Office Workers to Change Health Behaviors. Human factors, 61(5), 816–824. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018720818807043

Shorten, A., & Smith, J. (2017). Mixed methods research: expanding the evidence base. Evidence-based nursing, 20(3), 74–75. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2017-102699

Singh, S., McGuinness, M. B., Anderson, A. J., & Downie, L. E. (2022). Interventions for the Management of Computer Vision Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Ophthalmology, 129(10), 1192–1215. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.05.009

Smitha, M. C., Amogha, S., Aiswarya, H., & Narayana Murthy, M. R. (2019). Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and visual problems among software engineers and its association with work related variables. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development, 10(8), 321-326. doi:10.5958/0976-5506.2019.01901.6

Soares, C. O., Pereira, B. F., Pereira Gomes, M. V., Marcondes, L. P., de Campos Gomes, F., & de Melo-Neto, J. S. (2020). Preventive factors against work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Narrative review. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Trabalho, 17(3), 415–430. https://doi.org/10.5327/Z1679443520190360

Sohrabi, M. S., & Babamiri, M. (2022). Effectiveness of an ergonomics training program on musculoskeletal disorders, job stress, quality of work-life and productivity in office workers: a quasi-randomized control trial study. International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics : International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, 28(3), 1664–1671. https://doi.org/10.1080/10803548.2021.1918930

Song, Z., & Baicker, K. (2019). Effect of a Workplace Wellness Program on Employee Health and Economic Outcomes: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of the American Medical Association, 321(15), 1491–1501. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2019.3307

Soria-Oliver, M., López, J. S., Torrano, F., García-González, G., & Lara, Á. (2019). New Patterns of Information and Communication Technologies Usage at Work and Their Relationships with Visual Discomfort and Musculoskeletal Diseases: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study of Spanish Organizations. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(17), 3166. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16173166

Statistics Solutions. (n.d.). Bonferroni Correction. Intellectus Consulting By Intellectus 360. https://www.statisticssolutions.com/bonferroni-correction/

Swinton, P. A., Cooper, K., & Hancock, E. (2017). Workplace interventions to improve sitting posture: A systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 101, 204-212. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2017.06.023

The Hygenic Corporation. (2012). Resistance Band & Tubing Instruction Manual. Akron, OH: The Hygenic Corporation. https://tntman.files.wordpress.com/2012/09/theraband-resistance-band-tubing-instruction-manual.pdf

The WHOQOL Group. (1998). Development of the World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment. Psychological Medicine, 28(3), 551-558. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033291798006667

Tickle-Degnen, L. (2013). Nuts and bolts of conducting feasibility studies. The American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 67, 171-176.

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2024, Apr. 3). Occupational employment and wage statistics: National occupational employment and wage estimates. U.S. Department of Labor. https://www.bls.gov/oes/current/oes_nat.htm

U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2022, Mar. 31). Occupational employment and wage statistics: May 2021 national occupational employment and wage estimates. U.S. Department of Labor. https://www.bls.gov/oes/2021/may/oes_nat.htm

Van Eerd, D., Munhall, C., Irvin, E., Rempel, D., Brewer, S., van der Beek, A. J., Dennerlein, J. T., Tullar, J., Skivington, K., Pinion, C., & Amick, B. (2016). Effectiveness of workplace interventions in the prevention of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders and symptoms: an update of the evidence. Occupational and environmental medicine, 73(1), 62–70. https://doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2015-102992

World Health Organization. (2010). WHO healthy workplace framework and model: Background and supporting literature and practices. World Health Organization Headquarters. https://iris.who.int/bitstream/handle/10665/113144/9789241500241_eng.pdf?sequence=1

Yu, E. C., Fricker, S., & Kopp, B. (2015). Can survey instructions relieve respondent burden? Bureau of Labor Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/osmr/research-papers/2015/st150260.htm