近年來，隨著生活方式的改變，消費型態也有了改變。現今的消費者經由電子或平面媒體獲取產品資訊，以網路購物或郵購的方式取得商品，在無法看見實體產品，且受限於展示媒體的情況下，使得消費者承受了較大的知覺風險。因此，如何讓產品圖像充分表現出產品的特徵與外觀是非常重要的。
產品皆是由構件組成，這些構件可視為產品的特徵，是影響產品觀測閾值的因素。本研究以實驗方式，找出構件各特徵形之觀測閾值，則各觀測閾值之交集，即為各特徵形皆可被辨識出之範圍，如此便可廣泛運用於各種產品，作為產品影像呈現之依據，使產品的呈現符合大眾知覺的觀測閾值，以提供給無法接觸實體產品的購物管道一個產品圖像展示的參考範圍。本研究經實驗後，可得到以下結果：
（1）以X軸的旋轉來看，最佳辨識角度是X＝-15度，其次為X＝30度，第三為X＝-30度；以Y軸的旋轉來看，最佳辨識角度則是Y＝0度，其次為Y＝15度，第三為Y＝-15度。
（2）各特徵形在X=0度，Y=0度時，具有最佳辨識率，其次則為X=-30度，Y=15度。
（3）較佳觀測範圍：X軸旋轉-45度至45度，Y軸旋轉-15度至15度時，具有較佳的辨識率。

With changing of life style, people have also changed their consumer behaviors. Customers obtain product information through the electronic or print media to buy goods by web shopping or mail order.
As they cannot see the entity product and are limited under media presentation, customers take more perceived risks. Therefore, how to produce a products’ images fully representing the characters and appearance of products is very important.
All products are made up of components, and these components can be seen as the characters of the products. The research extracts characteristic patterns from components, and finds out each characteristic pattern’s observation threshold. Then different characteristic patterns can be recognized within the intersection range of each observation threshold. Hence, the range can be applied to different products, and provide a reference range of product’s image presentation.
After the experiment of this research, we can get these results as below：
（1）As X-axis rotating, the best recognizable angle is X＝-15º, the second is X＝30 º, and the third is X＝-30º； as Y-axis rotating, the best recognizable angle is Y＝0º, the second is Y＝15º and the third is Y＝-15º.
（2）The characteristic pattern has the best recognition rate at angle （X, Y）＝（0º, 0º）, followed by angle （X, Y）＝（-30º, 15º）.
（3）There has a better recognition rate when X-axis rotates between -45º and 45º, and Y-axis rotates between -15º and 15º.

外文部分
1.Baxter, M., (1995). Product Design-Practical Methods for the Systematic Development of new Products. Chapman & Hall,London. MIT Press, Cambridge, pp.156-184 (Second Printing).
2.Burke, R., 1997, Do You See What I See？ The Future of Virtual Shopping, Journal of Academy of Marketing Science, vol.25, pp.352-360.
3.Cleveland, W. S., and McGill, R., 1985, Graphical Perception and Graphical Methods for analyzing Scientific Data, Science, no.229, pp.828-833.
4.Cleveland, W. S., and McGill, R., 1986, An Experiment in Graphical Perception, Int. J. Man-Machine Studies, no.25, pp.491-500.
5.Cushman, W.H. & Rosenberg, D.J.,1991, Human Factors in Product Design, Elsevier Science Publishers B.V., Amsterdam.
6.Frisby,J.P., 1980, Seeing :Illusion ,brain and mind .New York :Oxford University Press.
7.Frutiger, A., 1989, Signs and symbols：Their design and meaning, pp.43-52.
8.Hans, B., 1992, Dictionary of symbolism.
9.Hanna, N. ＆ Wozniak, R., 2001, Consumer behavior：an applied approach, pp.102.
10.Krippendor, K., 1995, On the essential contexts of artifacts or on the proposition that &design is making sense（of things'）, In: Margolin, V., Buchanan, R. (Eds.), The Idea of Design.MIT Press, Cambridge, pp. 156-184（Second Printing）.
11.Lee, SeungHee, Stappers, Pieter J ＆ Harada, Akira, 1999, Extending of Design approach based on kansei by Dynamic Manipulation of 3D Objects, 1999 4th Asian Design Conference.
12.Marr, D., 1976, Early processing of visual information. Philosophy Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B.
13.Marr. D., 1982, Vision：A Computation Investigation into the Human Representation and Processing of Visual Information, San Francisco：Freeman.
14.Rayner,K., 1978, Eye movements in reading and information processing, Psychological Bulletin.
15.Rock, I., 1973, Orientation and form, New York：Academic Press.
16.Sanders, M.S. & McCormick, E. J., 1993, Human Factors in Engineering and Design, 7th Ed., McGraw-Hill, INC, New York.
17.Schwab,E.C., & Nusbaum,H.C.(Eds.), 1986, Pattern recognition by human and machines, vol.2.New York : Academic Press.
18.Stark, L., & Eills, S., 1981, Scanpaths revisited：Cognitive models direct active looking, In Fisher, D.；Monty, R. ＆ Senders, I.(Eds.), Eye movements：Cognition and visual perception, pp.193-226
19.Solso, Robert L., 1998, Cognitive psychology (5th ed.), Boston：Allyn ＆ Bacon.
20.Tan, Soo-Jiuan, 1999, Strategies for Reducing Consumer’ Risk Aversion in Internet Shopping, Journal of Consumer Marketing, vol.16, pp.163-180.
21.VanTassel, S., and B.A. Weitz, 1997, Interactive Home Shopping：All The Comfort of Home, Direct Marketing, pp.40-41.
22.Wells, P. N. T., 1993, Problems and Prospects in the Perception of The Perception of Visual Information, The Perception of Visual Information, pp.335-343.
23.Yarbus,A.L., 1967, Eye movements and vision.Trans.by Riggs,L.A. New York : Plenum Press.
中文部分
1.吳玲玲譯, SOLSO原著, 認知心理學, 華泰書局, pp.122-150
2.李麗娟, 2002, 網路購物目標族群的區隔及其特色研究，輔仁大學應用統計學研究所, 碩士論文
3.宋伊可, 2001, 消費者對產品外觀價值感認知差異之研究-以行動電話為例國立台北科技大學/創新設計研究所
4.杜本麟,1994, 知覺行為對工業安全標示影響之研究, 國立成功大學工業設計系,碩士論文
5.柯連田, 2001, 由空間認知能力探討實際產品與影像圖片之意象差異研究, 國立成功大學工業設計系, 碩士論文
6.孫宗凰等, 2002, 人對形狀感覺閾值的調查, 2002設計學會研討會, pp.357
7.黃秀瑄, 林瑞欽, 1991, 認知心理學
8.陳正男, 2001, 產品涉入、消費者特性與情境對網路購物知知覺風險影響分析, 國立成功大學企業管理學系, 碩士論文
9.張淑美, 2002, 手機呈現角度知觀測閾值及其影響因素研究, 國立成功大學工業設計系, 碩士論文
10.張建成＆許尚華＆莊明振, 2000,實體產品和影像樣本意象認知差異研究, 工業工程學刊, vol.17, no.2, pp.169-180
11.張建成, 1999, 使用者對產品造形意象認知的影響因素研究
12.陶振超, 1999, 上網人口成長大幅趨緩, 天下雜誌, pp.298-304
13.喬思韻, 1996, 圖文混淆度之瞬示測定, 國立台灣工業技術學院管理技術研究所, 碩士論文
14.葉素玲等, 1999, 視覺與認知-視覺知覺與視覺運動系統
15.鄭昭明, 1993, 認知心理學：理論與實踐, pp139-149
16.劉英茂, 1994, 基本心理歷程, 大洋出版社, 台北
17.鍾佑德, 2000, 網站特性對網路購物知覺風險、資訊搜尋策略影響之研究, 國立中央大學企業管理研究所, 碩士論文
18.蕭坤安, 1995, 以明式椅為例探討產品設計風格的操作,國立交通大學應用藝術研究所,碩士論文
19.魏雅萍, 2000, 設計師與一般消費者對造形認知差異研究,國立成功大學工業設計研究所, 碩士論文
20.羅德望譯, R. L. Gregory著, 1987, 視覺心理學
網頁部分
1.陳光榮、陳文蓉, 1999, 流通業的發展對台灣經濟影響之分析, 經濟情勢暨評論季刊, 第五卷第一期 [http://www.moea.gov.tw/~ecobook/season/sag/sag23.htm]