焙燒是一以熱進行生質物前處理之程序，其可使生質物之能源利用效率高於未經前處理之生質物；然而，焙燒需在惰性氣氛下進行，因而增加生質物之前處理成本。倘焙燒可在氧化氣氛或空氣中進行，將可大幅降低前處理成本；另一方面，在焙燒生質物之運用上，尚無焙燒生質物與煤之混合物裂解之相關研究。由此，本研究之主要目的為瞭解不同惰性及氧化氣氛對焙燒之影響；此外，亦將探討焙燒生質物與煤之混合物相關之熱裂解特性。
本研究進行了三項比較惰性及氧化焙燒之試驗，分別探討於氮氣與空氣、不同氣體流量及不同氧濃度下焙燒，各氣氛對纖維類與木質類生質物造成之影響；除以300 °C焙燒1小時之條件進行試驗外，亦將溫度擴及至250-350°C之範圍內，分析生質物之氧化焙燒特性。此外，為拓展焙燒生質物於實場之應用，針對焙燒生質物與煤混合應用有更深入之瞭解，本研究亦以熱重分析(TGA)進行了不同比例之焙燒生質物與煤之混合物之熱分解特性研究與裂解動力學分析。
本研究針對評估焙燒生質物之特性，提出一生質物焙燒操作指標─能量與質量共效益指標(EMCI)，係由能量產率與產物產率相減求得，焙燒生質物之EMCI愈高，其物理意義為─可在減少較多產物重量之同時，亦可保留住較高之能量。試驗結果顯示，於惰性氣氛中焙燒之生質物，有較高之EMCI，在各種條件下，使用氮氣做為焙燒之攜帶氣體者，其焙燒結果皆較使用含氧氣氛者為佳；而無論在何溫度下以氮氣做為攜帶氣體進行焙燒，氮氣流量並不影響焙燒產物之產率，可知於氮氣氣氛下進行焙燒，其反應機制主要受生質物之受熱與質量傳遞所控制。
於氧化氣氛中焙燒時，氧流量或氧濃度增加將造成焙燒產物之產率、能量留存率與EMCI降低；然而，在相同溫度下進行氧化焙燒時，生質物之表面氧化仍有一臨界值，當躍過此一值時，再高之氧氣氛將不再影響其焙燒結果。此外，傳統惰性焙燒之產物，其產率與熱值係呈一負向之線性關係；而經由本研究結果發現，氧化焙燒之產物產率與熱值則呈一正向之線性關係，即產率愈高，其熱值亦愈高。
本研究亦於顯微組織之觀察結果中發現，木質類生質物較纖維類生質物更能抵抗焙燒中氧化氣氛之影響；換言之，纖維類生質物於焙燒時，其受氧濃度之影響較木質類生質物敏感。此外，由EMCI之結果可知，油棕果纖維與椰殼纖維於氧化焙燒時，受氧流量之影響較為敏感；而尤加利木於焙燒時，受氧化氣氛之影響最不敏感，故可推論，生質物之氧化焙燒主要乃由表面氧化所主導。
生質物與煤碳混燒是生質物應用於工業最常見之方法；而在焙燒生質物與煤之混合物之裂解特性之研究結果中發現，混合物與各單一材料之裂解特性十分接近，因此可推論焙燒生質物與煤共同裂解時，其熱分解之交互作用或協同作用微小；換言之，無論生質物焙燒與否，混合燃料之裂解行為可由生質物與煤各自之重量進行推測。

Torrefaction is a thermal pretreatment process for solid biomass fuel production. The efficiencies of energy applications of torrefied biomass are higher than those of the parent biomass. However, torrefaction must be processed under inert atmosphere thus has a higher process cost. A reduction in operating cost is achievable if the torrefaction process is carried out in oxidative atmosphere or ambient air. On the other hand, few researches conduct on the co-pyrolysis of torrefied biomass and coal blends; therefore, the goals of this research are to investigate biomass torrefaction in inert and oxidative atmospheres and the thermal degradation characteristics for torrefied biomass and coal blends.
There are three experiments for inert and oxidative torrefaction including torrefaction in nitrogen and ambient air at various superficial velocities, and different oxygen concentrations for comparing impacts in fibrous and ligneous biomass materials. The temperature and duration for torrefaction are normally controlled below 300 °C and 1 h, respectively. To give a wider insight into the operation of torrefaction, the temperature interval from 250 to 350 °C is included in the experiment. Meanwhile, to understand the applications of torrefied biomass with coal blends, another objective of this study is to investigate the thermal degradation characteristics and pyrolysis kinetics of raw/torrefied biomass and coal blends via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Energy-mass co-benefit index (EMCI), which is the difference of the energy yield minus the solid yield, is proposed for seeking the optimum operation. The results suggest that the non-oxidative torrefaction always gives the highest EMCI, regardless of which biomass is torrefied; that is, the performance of biomass torrefied in nitrogen is better than in an oxidative atmosphere. Moreover, at a given temperature, the solid yield of biomass is not affected by the superficial velocity of nitrogen. The results suggest that reaction is controlled by heat and mass transfer in biomass when it is torrefied in nitrogen.
For biomass torrefied in oxidative atmosphere, increasing oxygen superficial velocity and concentration will decrease the solid yield, energy yield and EMCI; that is, an increase in oxygen superficial velocity and concentration deteriorates the torrefaction performance. However, at the fixed temperature, there is a threshold value for surface oxidation induced by air supply. Once passing over the threshold, oxygen no longer affects result of torrefaction. A linear relationship between the solid yield and the calorific value was found. In non-oxidative torrefaction, the higher heating value (HHV) of a material is linearly proportional to mass loss, implying that a decrease in solid yield increases the HHV of biomass. In contrast, increasing oxidative torrefaction severity decreases the solid yield where the energy yield decreases with decreasing solid yield.
Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations indicate that ligneous biomass has a higher resistance against oxidative torrefaction than fibrous biomass. In other words, the fibrous biomass is more sensitive to oxygen concentration than ligneous biomass. The distributions of EMCI indicate that oil palm fiber and coconut fiber are more sensitive to oxygen superficial velocity and concentration, whereas eucalyptus is the least sensitive to the oxidative atmosphere. The latter implies that the oxidative torrefaction of eucalyptus is dominated by surface oxidation.
The pyrolysis characteristics of the mixtures for biomass and coal are very close to the combination of those of the individual materials. It is thus concluded that the interaction or synergistic effect between raw/torrefied biomass and coal is weak. That is, the pyrolysis behavior of fuel blends can be determined in terms of the weight percentages of biomass and coal, regardless of the torrefaction of biomass.

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