本論文的研究目的為探討如何藉由恩斯高斯光束（Ince-Gaussian Beams）產生空間中具不同分布的龐加萊球雷射光束（Poincare Sphere Laser Beams）。我們利用極化光束分光鏡（Polarization Beam Splitter）將恩斯高斯雷射光束分成兩道偏振相互垂直的光束，並建構馬赫-陳德干涉儀（Mach-Zehnder Interferometer），在其中一道光路中加入一達夫稜鏡（Dove Prism），使其中一道光場旋轉90度。最後在干涉儀後方加入四分之一波片（Quarter-Wave Plate，簡稱QWP），使兩道光束變成彼此正交的任一偏振態。利用這樣的方式，我們可以建構出於空間上具不同偏振分布的龐加萊球雷射光束。
在本論文的工作中，成功利用馬赫-陳德干涉儀建立出龐加萊球雷射光束，並測量了IGe1,1、IGe4,4、IGe5,3三種不同的模態其空間偏振的分布，並與數值模擬做比較，重新計算出其橢圓偏振分布。並利用四分之一波長板，控制兩道光束疊加時的偏振態，進而控制橢圓偏振分布。

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to generate the Poincaré sphere laser beam with different spatial distributions of Ince-Gaussian beams. We propose a new Mach-Zehnder-type interferometer. In this setup, we use the polarization beam splitter to divide the Ince-Gaussian Beams into two beams of polarizations perpendicular to each other, add a Dove Prism to one of the paths to rotate the fields by 90 degrees, and finally add the Quarter-Wave Plate to the rear of the interferometer so that the two beams become any of the polarization states that are orthogonal to each other. With the proposed interferometer, we can construct Poincaré sphere laser beams with different polarization distributions in space. In the work of this thesis, we used Mach-Zehnder interferometer to establish the Poincaré sphere laser beams, and measure the distributions of the spatial polarization of IGe1,1 and IGe4,4. We use the Quarter-Wave Plate to control the polarization states of the two beams so as to the elliptical polarization distribution of the resulting beams. The experimental results is compared with the numerical simulation.

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