COVID-19 在 2019 年末時首次發生於中國湖北省武漢市，隨後在 2020 年初迅速
擴散至全球，形成一場全球性的大瘟疫。中央流行疫情指揮中心根據疫情情況將全國
維持第二級警戒，禁止所有非必要性活動和旅行，而公共運輸工具是必要的生活條件，
公車駕駛長與計程車司機仍需到運輸場所提供服務，維持運輸系統正常營運。從新聞
報導及感染統計資料表示在疫情期間，司機員屬於高度風險群體。因此，本研究在疫
情較平緩的 2021 年 12 月到 2022 年 3 月分別對 262 位公車駕駛長及 233 位計程車司
機進行疫情期間影響司機員的工作壓力之因素的問卷調查，並經由敘述性統計分析、
信度分析、效度分析、結構模式分析、潛在剖面分析、多群組分析、階層迴歸分析法
以深入了解疫情期間公共運輸司機對於的工作壓力影響之狀況。
本研究結果發現公車駕駛長之工作要求（工作超載、時間壓力、工作不安全感）
均會對情緒耗竭產生正向影響，而情緒耗竭會分別對員工幸福感產生負向影響及危險
駕駛行為產生正向影響。在多群組分析中，對於疫情知覺威脅感受程度越高的公車駕
駛長，其工作不安全感越強烈，進而造成其情緒耗竭。本研究結果發現計程車司機之
工作要求（工作超載、工作不安全感）均會對情緒耗竭產生正向影響，而情緒耗竭會
分別對員工幸福感產生負向影響及危險駕駛行為產生正向影響。而在多群組分析中，
對於疫情知覺威脅及死亡焦慮感受程度越高的計程車司機，無論是處於低工作不安全
感或高工作不安全感皆會對其產生更多的負面情緒，並增強個人的防護意識與行為，
防止工作中的染疫可能性，較不會有危險駕駛行為的可能性。最後依據本研究結果提
出建議，為政府、公車營運業者、計程車營運業者等提供未來再次遇到這種災難性衝
擊如何減輕其工作壓力之參考，也根據本研究發現提出研究限制與未來研究方向。

COVID-19 was first discovered in China at 2019, and then spread to the world, forming a global pandemic. During the prevention alert period, public transport drivers still need to maintain the operation of the transportation system. According to the news reports during the Covid-19 outbreak, drivers also the people at high risk. Thus, this study conducted a questionnaire survey of 262 bus drivers and 233 taxi drivers respectively on the factors affecting the job stress of public transport drivers during December 2021 to March 2022, and analyzed the factors through
descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, validity analysis, structural equation modeling, latent profile analysis, multi-group analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis to gain an in-depth investigating of the impact of public transport drivers on job stress during the epidemic.
Results show that job demands of drivers (job overload, time pressure, and job insecurity) had a positive impact on emotional exhaustion, and emotional exhaustion had a negative impact on employee well-being and positive impact on risky driving behaviour. In the multi-group analysis, public transport drivers with a higher degree of perceived threat of COVID-19 and death anxiety have more negative emotions and enhance their personal protection behaviour to reduce their emotional stress and reduce the likelihood of risky driving behavior. Finally, based on the results give suggestions toward the government, bus operators, taxi fleets operators and drivers with how to reduce their job stress, research limitations and future research directions are proposed.

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