數位科技是現代文明的產物，充斥在我們日常生活的周遭，對於每天的生活或是對社會的各個角落都產生劇烈的影響。這一切都要歸功於網路的迅速發展，而透過網路上的互動，則大大地改變了我們生活。網路提供了人們一種新的社會活動傳播媒介。在網路上，許多網路使用者參與虛擬社群以擴大人際間接觸以及對同一信念或是興趣的討論，熱絡彼此間關係。而專業社群則是許多人積極參與的一種虛擬社群，在此種虛擬社群內，參與者的目的在於尋找知識幫助他們解決現有的問題。在現今這知識經濟的時代，是個普遍將適知識視為可交易物的現象，許多組織也認同了知識所帶來無形的價值，將知識視為組織的資源。只要掌握了關鍵的知識資源，無疑的也握有了競爭優勢。因此，在各組織積極建設虛擬社群作為組織內知識交流與成長之處來迎合組織真正的需求以及策略上的考量。在此現象之下，對於虛擬社群內的知識分享，則成為是否達成有效知識交流的關鍵。
在此一研究中，本研究引用了交易成本理論以及期望價值理論來發展構成本研究主要的研究架構。透過此一架構，本研究驗證了交易成本的不確定因素是否影響虛擬社群成員的知覺成本以及在主觀任務價值的影響下，是否影響虛擬社群成員的知識分享行為。此外透過交易頻率作為調節變數，也驗證了交易頻率是否對於交易不確定性與成員知覺成本間的調節作用。本研究更深入探討了在不同知識種類，對於虛擬社群成員在之知覺成本以及知識分享行為上的差異。本研究以實驗事實驗法，針對三個控制變數設計出符合研究目的的三因子實驗，其實驗結果則透過變異數分析以及多重迴歸等統計方法分析。主要的發現在於對一般性知識分享者而言：(1) 除了行為不確定性外，其餘交易不確定性對於虛擬社群成員的知覺成本皆有明顯的影響 (2) 在交易頻率的調節作用下，對於三種交易不確定只有環境不確定有顯著的調節作用 (3) 在主觀任務價值的影響下，除內隱價值外，其餘皆對知識分享行為有顯著影響. (4) 外顯知識與內隱知識對於虛擬社群成員而言，有著不同的影響

Digital technology has provided a new paradigm in every corner of our society and resulted in our lives being changed through interaction over the Internet. The Internet has provided people with a new medium for social activities, thereby opening up entirely new features of social reality. Many individuals participate in virtual communities, especially in professional virtual communities (i.e., virtual communities of practice: CoPs), for seeking knowledge to resolve problems at work Driven by a knowledge economy, many organizations have recognized knowledge as a valuable intangible resource that holds the key to competitive advantages (Grant, 1996) and begun to support the development and growth of virtual communities to meet their business needs and objectives.
In this study, it had examined that whether the factors in transaction uncertainty will affect the virtual community members’ perceived cost and expectancy-value theory of achievement motivation affect the numbers’ knowledge sharing behavior in virtual community. And it also research whether the explicit and tacit knowledge will affect the numbers’ knowledge sharing in virtual community. The study will design an experiment to collect the data via controlling three factors, which will be analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple regressions. The major findings of this study are as following:
(1) Almost all transaction uncertainties have significant effect on perceived cost except behavioral uncertainty.
(2) The frequency of transaction has no significant moderating effect on the relationship between transaction uncertainty and perceived cost except the relation between environment uncertainty and perceived cost.
(3) Almost all subject task values have significant effect on knowledge sharing, except intrinsic value.
(4) Explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge have different effect in this research framework, and also have some common point.

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