光學設計與測試在光學實驗及工業上有不容忽視的重要性，先由電腦上執行設計及測試的模擬，可以預先了解系統的優劣，然後再架設實際的系統，可以達到事半功倍的效果。在光學設計與測試中，主要即是討論光束及相位等與系統的關係。本論文中所探討的是相位、幾何相位及光束分析的模擬應用。利用相位差的概念，可以設計光學測試實驗中的干涉儀，藉由分析相位差的數據，可以得到待測透鏡的訊息。Griffin 等人提出利用液晶延遲片來控制相位差的機制，所以在這裡我們同時也討論利用液晶延遲片來控制幾何相位差的干涉儀。幾何相位除了可以應用於干涉儀之外，也可以應用於光束偏移器的設計，利用幾何相位的補償效應可以使得通過光束偏儀器的光束能夠達到偏振特性保持的效果，而且不會因為波長的不同而改變。在這裡我們提出使用兩個直角稜鏡組成的光束偏移器，即Porro 型式的組成，並與Galvez 所提出的四個稜鏡組成的光束偏移器相比較其偏振保持的穩定度。設計光學系統時最需要注意的即是系統內的光束之影響，所以我們也討論在成像儀內不被預期的光束對於系統的影響。在這裡我們所討論的成像儀是國家太空計劃中的中華衛星二號，其科學籌載－高空大氣閃電影像儀（ISUAL）。由模擬數據中顯示，這些雜光所造成的鬼影對於系統的光線強度影響不大，但是會使得系統的解析度MTF 下降，幸好成像儀的透鏡鏡面上皆有抗反射膜，因此雜光影響微乎其為。

　Optical design and testing are very important to optical experiment or industry. If we can pre-design or pre-test by software before experiment setup or manufactuering, the performance of the optical system can be evaluated and optimized, the cost can be deduced. The principal elements in optical designing and testing are the ray-tracing analysis and phase evaluation. In this dissertation, we utilize the simulation of phase,geometric phase and ray-tracing analysis to further explore the applications of several optical topics and technology, e.g., the design of polarization-preserving beam displacer, new interferometer and direct simulation verification of the scientific payload of the Taiwan’s satellite ROCSAT-2, ISUAL’s CCD imager (red-sprite imager)..

The interferometers of optical testing are made by the concept of phase difference. By the data of phase difference, the messages of optical elements can be obtained. We also analyzed the phase shifting interferometer with liquid crystal phase retarder which utilize the geometric phase property. Geometric phase can also be used to design the beam displacer, which persist the achromatic polarization maintaince property. We proposed a two-prism configuration beam displacer, i.e. the Porro’s beam displacer. The polarization performance and tilting tolerance of the Porro’s type beam displacer are discussed in this dissertation as well as comparisons of Porro’s type and the beam displacer proposed by Galvez. In this dissertation, we also analyzed the influence of unexpected rays in the CCD imager of the scientific payload of the Taiwan’s satellite ROCSAT-2. Based on the simulation data, the ghost image which is made by stray light will not seriously affect the intensity, but the resolution (MTF) will be decreased when the image is suffered by these stray light. Fortunately,there are AR-coatings on the lens’ surface in CCD imager and the ghost image will not effect the system.

第一章
【1】OSLO Version 5 Optical Reference, (Lambda Research Corporation), p223

【2】R. R. Shannon, The Art and Science of Optical Design, Second Edition,(Cambridge University, 1997), p7

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【5】Schott Optical Glass-Product Range 2000, Schott Glass Technologies Inc.

【6】W. J. Smith, Modern Lens Design, (MaGraw-Hill, 1992), p125

【7】Hecht, Optics, Third Edition, (Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1998)p257

【8】W. J. Smith, Modern Optical Engineering, Third Edition, (MaGraw-Hill, 2000),p340

【9】請見OSLO 首頁，網址：http://www.sinopt.com。

【10】請見http://www.breault.com/html/soft_asap20years.html。

【11】W. J. Smith, Modern Optical Engineering, Third Edition, (MaGraw-Hill, 2000),p148

第二章
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【16】M. Born, E. Wolf, Principles of optics, 7th Edition, (CambridgeUniversity, 1999 ), p40

【17】OSLO 6.1 中「Lens>>Glass Catalogs>>Browse Glass Database>>Schott 2000」選「N-Bk7」.

【18】Schott Optical Glass-Product Range 2000, Schott Glass Technologies Inc.

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【21】CODEV 巨集檔案, CODEV900macroprvpl.

【22】A. C. Hsu, C. F. Ho, J. L. Chern, “Tilting tolerance analysis of a broadband polarization-preserving beam displacer”, Appl.Opt., Vol. 41, p5956 (2002)

第三章
【1】M. Bass, Handbook of Optics, Second Edition, （McGraw-Hill Inc., 1995）, p30.17

【2】Y. Y. Cheng and James C. Wyant, Appl. Opt, Vol. 23, p4539 (1984)

【3】J. E. Greivenkamp and J. H. Bruning, Optical Shop Testing, Second Edition, (Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1992), p502

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【5】Principles of Retarders from Meadowlark Optics., http://www.meadowlark.com/catalog/Retarders/principles.htm

【6】Hecht, Optics, 3rd Edition, (Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 1998), p.348.

【7】Liquid Crystal Variable Retarders from Meadowlark Optics,
　　　http://www.meadowlark.com/catalog/LiquidCrystals/liqcrys1.htm.

【8】DeYon W. Griffin, Opt. Lett., Vol. 26, p140 (2001)

【9】K. H. Chang, A. C. Hsu, J. L. Chern, Opt. Lett, Vol. 27, p509 (2002)

第四章
【1】成功大學物理系紅色精靈網站，http://sprite.phys.ncku.edu.tw 。

【2】Stewart Harris(2001/3), “ISUAL sprite imager interface and status review”

【3】何承舫, 「中華衛星二號科學籌載紅色精靈成像儀之光學系統分析」，國立成功大學碩士論文（八十九學年度）。

【4】T. Kojima, T. Matsumaru, M. Banno, "Computer-simulation analysis of ghost images in photographic objectives”, Proc. Of SPIE, Vol.0237, p.504（1980）。

【5】T. Weigel, B. Moll, B. J. Beers, “Ghost Image debugging on a 240 degree fisheye lens”, Proc. Of SPIE, Vol.2774, p.598（1996）

【6】W. J. Smith, Modern Optical Engineering, Third Edition, (MaGraw-Hill, 2000),p.140。

【7】ASAP Advanced Systems Analysis Program：Advanced Tutorial, (Breault Research Organization), p.3-22。

【8】”GHO-Ghost Image analysis”,CODEV900docsgho.pdf。