列車行車安全是軌道運輸中重要的課題，而軌道事故中以軌道幾何造成列車的脫軌事件占最大宗。常見評估列車因軌道不平整所造成的行車風險有脫軌係數及輪重減載等，本研究將探討這些脫軌準則對於行車風險的評估是否有一致性或差異性。研究中使用SIMPACK軟體建立列車模型，設定各種不同組合的軌道不平整，並讓列車以不同的速度通過，套用不同的脫軌準則評估後，分析脫軌準則的表現有何不同。研究結果發現脫軌係數會受到瞬間的峰值而影響判斷，顯得較為保守，其中脫軌係數中的Nadal準則在脫軌評估上比Weinstock準則保守許多。輪重減載則因軌道線形的變化影響較為明顯。最後以這些脫軌準則分析高鐵橋墩差異沉陷後，對高鐵的行車安全是否有影響，結果顯示橋墩差異沉陷發生在曲線段上，輪重減載在低速時(200kph)已超出安全值。

Railway safety is an important issue in transportation, and the most railway accident were caused by derailment of railway geometry. Derailment coefficient and the rate of wheel load reduction are used to assess railway safety. This study will compare different derailment criteria. We set a train model in SIMPACK, the train model running on rail with different irregularity, and evaluate railway safety with different derailment criteria. By the result, derailment quotient(Y/Q) is more conservative than the wheel unloading criterion, because the effect of the peak value on derailment quotient. The railway safety evaluation on Nadal criterion is more conservative than on Weinstock criterion. The wheel unloading criterion is obvious affected by track alignment. In the end, we simulated train running on bridge with settlement pier, according the result, when the settlement pier occur on curve, the wheel unloading criterion is exceed the safety criteria on the lower speed(under 200kph).

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