本研究針對自營性好氧硝化程序與厭氧氨氧化程序之水質與微生物特性進行探討。以實驗室規模連續攪拌混合硝化槽，探討分子氨濃度、水力停留時間與污泥停留時間對於自營性好氧硝化菌生長特性與微生物結構之影響。再以兩組實驗室規模UASB厭氧氨氧化培養槽分別建立啟動策略與功能提升之操作參數，並探討顆粒化污泥之終端速度與菌相社會結構變化，並且配合批次實驗探討中間基質亞硝酸氮對於厭氧氨氧化菌活性之影響。進而將不同微生物之生長條件應用於模廠規模之兩段式部分硝化串聯厭氧氨氧化除氮程序以處理石化廢水二級放流水，以達到生物硝化脫氮之目的。本研究以末端限制酶片段長度多型性分析 (Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism, T-RFLP)監測好氧程序中之氨氧化菌之族群變化。
實驗室規模連續攪拌混合硝化槽，於高pH值與高溫度，且無污泥截流下，在分子氨濃度約0.5~10 mg N L-1，能有效抑制亞硝酸氧化菌之活性，期間以T-RFLP監測好氧氨氧化菌之變化，顯示系統中以Nitrosomonas europaea、Nitrosomonas eutropha與Nitrosospira為主。另配合污泥迴流的操作下，系統中無分子氨濃度滯留且無篩選微生物的功能，出流水主要以硝酸氮生成。而實驗室規模UASB厭氧氨氧化培養槽，以低濃度與高流量，水力停留時間為0.2天做為啟動策略，在176天連續流的馴養下，體積負荷逐增達1.2 kg N m-3 d-1，去除效率達83 %；另一實驗室規模長期操作之UASB厭氧氨氧化培養槽，以縮短水力停留時間與提高迴流量做為負荷提升之策略，上升流速由2.7 m h-1增加至5.7 m h-1，必須考量厭氧氨氧化菌截流的能力，由單顆粒終端沉降實驗估算粒徑0.42~2 mm的顆粒污泥終端速度約為25~63 m h-1。並以批次實驗確認在亞硝酸氮濃度約40~50 mg N L-1時，厭氧氨氧化菌有最佳的活性。在經過250天連續流的操作下，總氮體積負荷由2.1 kg N m-3 d-1逐步提升至2.8 kg N m-3 d-1，且去除效率達82 %。
部分硝化模廠在連續250天操作下，藉由溶氧限制與分子氨濃度 (10~30 mg N L-1)控制能抑制亞硝酸氧化菌之活性，氨氮體積負荷達0.3 kg N m-3 d-1，亞硝酸氮與氨氮比值約0.8~1.4，適合進流至第二段厭氧氨氧化程序。由T-RFLP連續監測部分硝化模廠之好氧氨氧化菌的菌相動態變化，顯示在部分硝化模廠在穩定操作下，以Nitrosomonas europaea與Nitrosomonas eutropha為優勢菌種。而厭氧氨氧化模廠參照實驗室規模UASB厭氧氨氧化槽之啟動策略，以低亞硝酸氮與高流量進行啟動，在連續300天的操作下，總氮體積負荷約0.1~0.2 kg N m3 d-1，總氮去除效率約15 %，尚待強化培養厭氧氨氧化菌體。

This study focuses on water quality and microbial characteristics of autotrophic oxic nitrification and ANAMMOX process. To evaluate the effects of free ammonia, hydraulic retention time (HRT), sludge retention time (SRT) on growth characteristics and microbial ecology of nitrifying bacteria in a laboratory-scale continuous flow tank reactor (CSTR). To evaluate the operation parameters and function indicators of laboratory-scale UASB ANAMMOX enrichment bioreactor during startup and loading increasing phases. Besides, to discuss the effects of nitrite inhibition on anammox bacteria in batch test. According to different characteristics of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) and anammox bacteria, to establish two-stage partial nitrification/ANAMMOX process in pilot scale for treating pectrochemical wastewater. This study employed terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP) to investigate charaterestics of AOB in aerobic system.
In laboratory-scale CSTR without recycle for nitrification, NOB growth was terminated under high pH value, high temperature and 0.5~10 mg N L-1 of free ammonia (FA). The results of T-RFLP indicated Nitrosomonas europaea、Nitrosomonas eutropha and Nitrosospira were dominant AOB. However, when the laboratory-scale CSTR with recycle for nitrification, without free ammonia inhibition and NOB washing out. Therefore, nitrification of nitrite to nitrate was proceeded stepwide. Besides, the combination of low concentration of substrates and short HRT (0.2 day) were applied as the startup operating strategy, the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) and total nitrogen removal efficiency could achieve at 1.2 kg N m-3 d-1 and 83 % within 176 days of start-up operation. The result of batch test revealed anammox bacteria had the maximum activity at the nitrite levels of 40~50 mg N L-1. Nitrite concentration control is a crucial strategy to prevent from anammox bacteria inhibition. Therefore, shortening HRT (0.14 day) and increasing recirculation flow rate could increase NLR of long-term UASB ANAMMOX enrichment bioreactor with good performance. Meanwhile, it is important to evaluate the effects of superficial velocity on settling velocity in granular sludge. Results revealed that anammox granules had developed with diameters between 0.42 and 2 mm, and the terminal settling velocities of anammox granules were determined at the ranged of 25~63 m h-1. After operating 250 days, the NLR was increased from 2.1 kg N m-3 d-1 to 2.8 kg N m-3 d-1 with removal efficiency up to 82%.
According to laboratory-scale fuction performances and micorbal characteristics, the pilot-scale partial nitrification was modified and ANAMMOX bioreactor was combined in series to treat pectrochemical wastewater. In pilot-scale partial nitrification bioreactor, NOB was inhibited under FA levels of 10~30 mg N L-1 and nitrite/ammonium ratio was observed in effluent in the range of 0.8~1.4 after operating 250 days. The results of T-RFLP indicated Nitrosomonas europaea and Nitrosomonas eutropha were the dominant AOB. The operation parameters of pilot-scale ANAMMOX bioreactor were based on the startup strategies of laboratory-scale UASB ANAMMOX. The NLR achieved at 0.1~0.2 kg N m3 d-1 and the total nitrogen removal efficiency was 15 % after operating 300 days.

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